deped k to 12 program 2 3 paragraph essay

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K+12 Education Program

“K to 12” stands for kindergarten plus 12 years of elementary and secondary education. This educational system for basic and secondary education is widely adopted around the world. DepEd Secretary Armin Luistro presented the Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda (BESRA) last March in the annual membership meeting of the Philippine Business for Education (PBEd). BESRA, as a package of reform initiatives, considers K to 12 as the flagship reform strategy . The objective of the program is to be able to produce more productive and responsible citizens equipped with the essential competencies and skills for both life-long learning and employment. From among various proposals and studies conducted to come up with an enhanced model that is suitable to the Philippine context, DepEd proposed the K-6-4-2 model or the K to 12 model.

This model involves kindergarten, six years of elementary education, four years of junior high school (Grades 7-10), and two years of senior high school (Grades 11-12). The two years of senior high school intend to provide time for students to consolidate acquired academic skills and competencies. The curriculum will allow specializations in science and technology, music and arts, agriculture and fisheries, sports, business and entrepreneurship . The change is two-fold. It will give focus not only to the curriculum enhancement but also to the transition management as well. The intention of K to 12 is not merely to add two years of schooling but more importantly, to enhance the basic education curriculum. Opportunities: Why is there a need for K to 12?

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In a discussion paper on the “Enhanced K to 12 Basic Education Program” prepared by the DepEd in the last quarter of 2010, it was pointed out that K to 12 is an effective cure to the deteriorating quality of the Philippine education system. The low achievement score of Filipino students in the National Achievement Test (NAT) is one of the indicators of a defective education system. The DepEd also noted that the present ten-year curriculum is congested wherein students are forced to absorb all the knowledge and skills necessary in a short and limited span of time. As a result, high school graduates are often unprepared for employment, entrepreneurship, or even higher education. They do not yet possess the basic competencies or even emotional maturity essential for the world outside the school.

High school graduates who do not pursue higher education are thus unproductive or vulnerable to exploitative labor practices. In the same context, those who may be interested to put up their own business cannot enter into legal contracts yet. This partly explains why the number of unemployed Filipinos is increasing at an alarming rate. The short duration of the basic education system is also a disadvantage for the overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), especially the professionals, and those who intend to study abroad . DepEd further claims that the Filipino graduates are not automatically recognized as professionals abroad because the ten-year curriculum is usually perceived as insufficient. The DepEd therefore strongly believes that the K to12 program will give every learner the opportunity to receive quality education based on an enhanced and decongested curriculum that is internationally recognized and competitive.

The implementation plan As a flagship education program of the Aquino administration, K to 12 has been proposed to be implemented by phases. Stakeholder consultations, policy discourses, and education summits were conducted to solicit inputs and feedback on the proposed model. Figure 1 shows a summary of the implementation plan of the K to 12 program. Universal kindergarten has already become mandatory beginning school year (SY) 2011-2012. The new curriculum for Grade 1 and first-year Junior High School (Grade 7 JHS) students were already implemented this SY 2012-2013. This scheme gives the administration ample time to prepare and provide the necessary infrastructures, materials, and trainings for the Senior High School (SHS) education which is to be launched by SY 2016-2017. By SY 2018-2019, all students would have already finished 12 years of basic education and would therefore be ready to enter college.

Challenges: issues and concerns The K to 12 program stirred mixed reactions from different sectors. While supporters strongly believed that this is the key to quality basic education, critics argued that it is merely a superficial solution and does not truly address the more fundamental problems of the educational system. Critics also questioned the relationship of the education cycle length and education quality. They cited studies by the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) which revealed that longer education cycles do not necessarily result in better performance of students. But one of the major concerns of the critics is the additional expense to be incurred by the parents. The longer education cycle would be an added burden to households and would later on translate to higher dropout rates. While the government can provide free public education, the allowances, transportation, school supplies, and other schooling expenses are still to be shouldered by the parents.

Meanwhile, some are worried about the rush to implement the K to 12 program. For one, according to a study conducted by a group of researchers from the Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), the rush implementation of the program may have unintended effects on social equity if publicly funded. This is because many poor families do not reach beyond the secondary level of educational attainment. In addition, the revised curriculum is not yet fully tested. Finally, the study also raised concerns about the many reforms the DepEd is trying to implement all at the same time, including the implementation of the K to 12 program, which might result in similar reform failures in the past. It also expressed concern on the fact that DepEd might lose administrative concentration by spreading itself too thinly. Conclusion

Critics presented valid concerns regarding the K to 12 program. The government must therefore continue to address such concerns to further develop the model. Though the program is ready to take off this year, continuous monitoring, evaluation , and program enhancement must be ensured. And foremost, it must be made clear that a longer education cycle alone could be useless without corresponding improvements in other aspects of the education system. Proper training of teachers, additional classrooms and textbooks, better facilities such as libraries and computer rooms must therefore be deemed as urgent as the implementation of this program.

 References:

Albert, J. R. G., A. M. Navarro, A. C. Orbeta, Jr., V. B. Paqueo, J. T. Yap and Associates. 2012. Economic Policy Monitor 2011: education for development. Makati City: Philippine Institute for Development Studies. Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM). 1991. Making education work: an agenda for reform. EDCOM, House of Representatives. Cruz, I. 2010. Pros and cons in the K+12 basic education debate [online]. http://mlephil.wordpress.com/2010/10/14/pros-cons-of-the-k12-debate/ [Accessed March 2012.] Department of Education. 2010. Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program [online]. http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/K12new.pdf [Accessed March 2012]. Giron, P. R. 2011. K–12 Basic Education Program [PowerPoint slides]. http://www.slideshare.net/19710802/k-12-basic-education-program. Luistro, A. 2012. The state of basic education: gaining ground [PowerPoint slides]. http://www.slideshare.net/arangkadaph/state-of-education-in-the- philippines -2012. Magkilat, B. C. 2010. PCCI opens policy discourse on K–12 education system [online]. http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/281878/pcci-opens-policy-discourse-k12-education-system [Accessed March 2012.] Maramag, S. 2010. Is the K-12 model good for the Philippine education system? [online]. Philippine Online Chronicles. http://thepoc.net/thepoc-features/politi-ko/politiko-opinions/10020-k-12-philippine-education-system.html [Accessed March 2012.] Quijano, Y. S. 2011. The K to 12 Basic Education Program: Status Report and Updates [PowerPoint slides]. http://www2.pids.gov.ph/seminars/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/K-12.pdf United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). 2004. Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2005: the quality imperative. Paris: UNESCO. Yap, R. D. 2011. K to 12: the key to quality education? Policy Brief No. PB-11-02. Senate Economic Planning Office, Senate of the Philippines. URL: http://www.pids.gov.ph

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Understanding DepEd K-12 Program in the Philippines

The K-12 program was officially signed into law as Republic Act No. 10533, also known as the “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013.” This law paved the way for the restructuring of the country’s education system, adding two more years to the traditional 10-year basic education cycle. The implementation of the K-12 program in the Philippines was initiated under the administration of then-President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III. The Department of Education (DepEd) , led by Secretary Armin Luistro during that time, played a huge role in developing and rolling out the K-12 curriculum.

The K to 12 curriculum includes Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School) to allow for adequate time for concept and skill mastery, develop lifelong learners, prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skill development, employment, and entrepreneurship. The system addresses the need for a more globally competitive education system by adding two years to the traditional 10-year basic education cycle.

Countries such as the USA, Australia, Canada, Japan, India, China, Singapore, and Germany are also under this system. This guide explores the objectives, goals, grades, subjects, curriculum, and enrollment process of the K to 12 Program, providing an in-depth understanding of its structure and why it’s a good change.

Table of Contents

The implementation of the K-12 curriculum aims to enhance the quality of education in the Philippines and align it with international standards. Before this, our country’s basic education cycle only covered ten years. While this has worked for our system for decades, it was not enough to fully prepare our students for the challenges of tertiary education and employment in the global setting. The K-12 program addresses this gap by providing learners with a more holistic and comprehensive educational experience.

Objectives & Benefits

Just like any other DepEd program of the government, this K-12 also presents some objectives:

• Improved Quality of Education – By extending the basic education cycle, this may help improve the overall quality of education in the Philippines.
• Enhance Global Competitiveness – The program aims to produce graduates who are globally competitive, well-rounded, and equipped with the necessary skills. In addressing the goals of the K-12 program, the Philippine government also aims to align its education system with international standards. This alignment enhances the country’s competitiveness on the global stage, ensuring that Filipino students are adequately prepared to meet the demands of a rapidly evolving and interconnected world.
• Holistic Development – Emphasizing holistic development, K to 12 focuses on intellectual, emotional, and social growth to produce well-rounded individuals.
• Quality Basic Education – Ensure the delivery of high-quality basic education that meets international standards.
• Equitable Access – Provide equal access to education for all students across different regions and socio-economic backgrounds.
• Relevance – Align the curriculum with the needs of the global job market, ensuring graduates are equipped with practical skills. The additional two years in senior high school serve as a bridge between basic education and either tertiary education or employment.

This component of the project is designed to equip students with specialized skills and knowledge, making them more marketable and ready to meet the demands of various industries.

Grades in K-12 Explained

The K to 12 Program redefines the traditional grading system by adding two additional grades, Grade 11 and Grade 12.

• Kindergarten – Early childhood education focuses on developing foundational skills.
• Grades 1-6 – Elementary education focuses on fundamental subjects like Math, Science, English, and Filipino.
• Grades 7-10 – Junior High School, which includes a more specialized curriculum and the introduction of tracks leading to specific career paths.
• Grades 11-12 – Senior High School, where students choose a specific strand (Academic, Technical-Vocational-Livelihood, or Sports) based on their interests and career aspirations.

What are Strands?

These strands are part of the Academic Track which provides students with more specialized knowledge and skills in specific fields of study. The four strands under the Academic Track are:

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)

This strand is designed for students interested in pursuing careers in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

Core Subjects: Pre-Calculus, Basic Calculus, General Biology, General Physics, General Chemistry, and General Mathematics.

ABM (Accountancy, Business, and Management)

This strand is suitable for students who aspire to pursue careers in accountancy, business, entrepreneurship, and management.

Core Subjects: Applied Economics, Business Ethics and Social Responsibility, Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business, and Management 1 and 2, and Basic Calculus.

HUMSS (Humanities and Social Sciences)

The HUMSS strand is for students interested in humanities, social sciences, and other related fields.

Core Subjects: Creative Writing/Malikhaing Pagsulat, Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems, Creative Nonfiction, Trends, Networks, Critical Thinking in the 21st Century Culture, and Philippine Politics and Governance.

GAS (General Academic Strand)

The GAS strand is a flexible strand that allows students to choose subjects from different academic disciplines.

Core Subjects: Humanities, Social Science, Philosophy, Applied Economics, Organization and Management, Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction, and Research.

Each strand provides a strong foundation in the chosen field of any student and serves as a preparation for higher education or entry into the workforce. It’s important to note that curriculum details may have evolved since the moment of writing. Hence, it’s advisable to check with the Department of Education (DepEd) or relevant educational authorities for the most current information on the K-12 strands in the Philippines.

Subjects and Curriculum

The K to 12 curriculum is designed to provide a well-rounded education and includes core subjects such as Math, Science, English, Filipino, and Social Studies. Additionally, students can choose specialized subjects based on their chosen strand in Senior High School. The ABM track, for example, offers subjects relevant to specific industries, preparing students for immediate employment after graduation.

Purpose of this additional 2 Years in the Philippine education system. 

• Aligning with International Education Standards – The Philippines aimed to align its education system with international standards to produce globally competitive graduates. By adding two years to the basic education cycle, the country sought to provide students with a more intensive curriculum, better preparing them for higher education and the global workforce.
• Enhanced Basic Education – The traditional 10-year education cycle was considered insufficient to equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge for the challenges of the modern world. The additional two years in Senior High School (SHS) allow for more specialized and focused learning, catering to the diverse interests and career paths of students.
• Workforce Readiness – K to12 aims to make students more job-ready by incorporating technical-vocational courses and work immersion programs at the Senior High School level. This is intended to address the gap between the skills acquired in school and the skills demanded by the workforce, helping students make informed decisions about their future careers.
• Decongestion of Curriculum – The expanded curriculum allows for the distribution of lessons across more years, resulting in a less crowded and more balanced approach to teaching and learning. This can potentially lead to a better understanding and retention of the subject matter.
• Alignment with ASEAN Integration – The K-12 is designed to align with the goals of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) integration, promoting regional cooperation and standardizing education practices across member countries.
• Quality of Education – By adding two years to the basic education system, policymakers aimed to improve the overall quality of education in the Philippines. The longer duration provides more time for students to acquire not only academic knowledge but also critical thinking and life skills.

How to Enroll in the K-12 Curriculum for Senior High Scholl (SHS)

This is targeted towards those who have completed Grade 10 prior to the implementation of K-12. Those who have not yet finished high school or are still in elementary school will automatically be enrolled in the new program.

Step 1: Enrollment in Senior High School involves choosing a specific track (Academic, Technical-Vocational-Livelihood, or Sports).

Parents and students should attend orientations or career guidance sessions to make informed decisions about the preferred track.

Required documents may include the student’s Junior High School report card, a clear photocopy of the birth certificate, and a filled-out enrollment form.

Visit the chosen Senior High School and follow the school’s enrollment process. Private schools may have different requirements, so it’s essential to communicate with the school administration.

Step 2: Selecting a Senior High School Track

Students need to choose a track based on their interests and career aspirations.

Career guidance counselors at schools can assist in making informed decisions about the best-fit track for each student.

Step 3: Payment of Fees (if applicable)

Public schools generally have minimal or no tuition fees, but there may be other fees for miscellaneous expenses. Private schools may have tuition fees, and parents should inquire about the payment schedule and any available discounts or scholarships.

Step 4: Orientation and School Requirements

Attend orientation sessions conducted by the school to understand the rules, regulations, and expectations. Fulfill any additional requirements specified by the school, such as medical examinations, uniform purchase, and submission of additional documents.

Parents or guardians may inquire at their local public schools or private institutions for more information on admission requirements and enrollment procedures. Students who have completed Grade 10 are eligible to enroll in Senior High School, where they can choose a specific strand based on their interests and career goals.

Can Students after Grade 10 Proceed to Finding Jobs?

Students may also choose to enter the workforce after completing Grade 10, as there are technical-vocational courses available in Senior High School for those who wish to gain employment immediately. However, the K-12 program also aims to make students more competitive in the job market, and completing Senior High School may provide better opportunities for employment.

Overall, the K-12 program aims to provide a more comprehensive and relevant education for Filipino students, preparing them for success in higher education, the workforce, and global citizenship. So while students may choose to enter the workforce after Grade 10, completing Senior High School can give them an edge in a competitive job market.

The additional two years in the Philippine education system offer various benefits that aim to enhance the overall quality of education and produce globally competitive graduates.

Video: K-12 curriculum, babaguhin; bagong classrooms at special allowance, kasama sa 2023 plans – DepEd

In this video, DepEd Secretary Sarah Duterte Carpio announced some of the changes that will happen to the current K-12 program in the Philippines. Some of the mentioned improvements are new classrooms and special allowance.

DepEd K-12 Program is a transformative initiative to start improving the quality and relevance of basic education in the Philippines. With its objectives centered around global competitiveness, holistic development, and improved quality of education, the system introduces additional grades, specialized tracks, and a curriculum designed to prepare students for the challenges of the modern world.

This educational curriculum might require parents and students effort, time, and money, but it will surely change the lives of new graduates for the better. Understanding the structure, objectives, and enrollment process of the K to 12 Program is advisable for parents, students, and educators as they navigate the evolving landscape of Philippine education.