phd in economics abbreviation

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Degree Abbreviations

Things to note:.

For one degree, list the degree abbreviation then an apostrophe with the year graduated. Ex: Accounting 2000 is (Acct’00).

If someone has two degrees, separate with a comma and put in alphabetical order Ex: a dual psychology and English 2009 major is (Engl, Psych’09)

For degrees that are graduate or doctorate level, an “M” or “PhD” is put in front of the degree. Ex: a master’s in English in 2009 is (MEngl’09)

If someone has an undergraduate and graduate degree or doctorate from CU (any campus), it is also separated with a semicolon and has either a “M” or “PhD” in front of the degree. Ex: Sociology undergraduate 2009, master’s in engineering 2011 (Soc’09; MEngr’11) or if it was a PhD in engineering (Soc’09; PhDEngr’11)

If someone left CU Boulder before graduating, annotate their degree with “ex” and the year they were expected to graduate. Ex: If a student left as a junior in 2012 with a psychology degree and was expected to graduate in 2013, annotate as (Psych ex’13)

If someone got their undergraduate and master’s in the same subject, don’t rewrite the degree. Rather put MA if it was a master of arts or MS if it was a master of science or PhD if it was a doctorate. For example, if someone got their undergraduate and graduate degrees in sociology two years apart, it reads like this: (Soc’09; MA’11). Or if they got their civil engineering undergraduate in 2009 and their doctorate in civil engineering in 2015, it reads (CivEngr’09; PhD’15)

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abbreviation or noun

Definition of phd, examples of phd in a sentence, word history.

New Latin philosophiae doctor

1839, in the meaning defined above

Dictionary Entries Near PhD

Cite this entry.

“PhD.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/PhD. Accessed 19 Nov. 2024.

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PhD Abbreviation

Table of contents.

If you’re interested in higher education or understanding academic titles, you’ve probably encountered the abbreviation “PhD.” But what does it stand for, and what does it mean? In this article, we’ll explore the meaning behind the PhD abbreviation, its history, and frequently asked questions about this academic degree.

What Does PhD Stand For?

A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is the highest academic degree attainable by a student. While the title includes “Philosophy,” it does not exclusively pertain to the field of philosophy. Instead, it signifies a deep understanding and mastery of a specific subject area. This advanced degree is available in various fields such as science, economics, and humanities.

Individuals pursuing a PhD typically have a strong interest in academia or research and aspire to delve deeply into their chosen field of study. The word “Philosophy” in the title originates from the Greek word for “lover of wisdom,” reflecting the dedication of PhD holders to gaining comprehensive knowledge and expertise in their area of specialization.

Earning a PhD requires a significant commitment of time and effort. Candidates are expected to conduct original research, contribute new knowledge to their field, and defend their findings through a dissertation or thesis. A PhD can open up numerous career opportunities in academia, research, and various industries.

This article provides insights beyond the basic definition of a PhD, offering valuable information to help individuals determine if pursuing this advanced degree aligns with their academic and career goals.

What is a PhD?

A PhD is an advanced academic degree that blends a broad understanding of a field with a deep expertise in a specific subtopic within that field. For instance, obtaining a PhD in political science indicates a comprehensive grasp of the discipline as a whole, along with a specialization in a particular area like American politics, comparative politics, or political economy.

PhDs, also referred to as doctorates, are considered terminal degrees , signifying the highest level of achievement in various fields such as cognitive psychology, mathematics, English, economics, evolutionary biology, and public health.

The History of the PhD Abbreviation

The History of the PhD Abbreviation The PhD degree originated in medieval Europe to recognize mastery in a field. Initially granted in theology, law, and medicine, it later expanded to other areas. The abbreviation “PhD” itself emerged in the 19th century in Germany, with “Ph” representing “philosophy,” from the Greek “philosophia,” meaning “love of wisdom.” At the time, “philosophy” encompassed all fields of study.

The history of the PhD abbreviation traces back to medieval Europe, where the concept of the doctoral degree first emerged as a recognition of mastery in a particular field. Initially, these degrees were granted in theology, law, and medicine, reflecting the dominant areas of study in medieval universities.

However, as universities and academic disciplines evolved, the doctoral degree expanded to encompass other areas of study. This expansion led to the need for a more inclusive term to describe the highest academic degree. The abbreviation “PhD” emerged in the 19th century in Germany, where universities were among the first to adopt a modern doctoral system.

The “Ph” in “PhD” stands for “philosophy,” derived from the Greek word “philosophia,” which means “love of wisdom.” In ancient Greece, philosophy was a broad term that encompassed all fields of study, including natural sciences, mathematics, and humanities. Thus, the use of “philosophy” in the abbreviation “PhD” was meant to signify a broad and comprehensive education that extended beyond the traditional fields of theology, law, and medicine.

Today, the PhD is the highest academic degree awarded in many countries and is typically required for a career in academia or research.  The abbreviation “PhD” has become synonymous with advanced study and research in a specific field, reflecting its origins in the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom across a wide range of disciplines.

What does it take to earn a PHD?

PhD programs generally entail completing advanced coursework, passing comprehensive exams to demonstrate your expertise in your field, and conducting original research for a dissertation. The exact requirements vary depending on the program or university.

How long does a PhD take?

Completing your PhD studies usually takes between four and seven years, but the duration can vary depending on your field and other responsibilities. For instance, earning an engineering PhD typically takes less than seven years, whereas an education PhD can take up to 12 years. The time needed to write a dissertation often contributes to the overall length of the program. Furthermore, some doctoral students may be balancing full-time work or family commitments, which could necessitate extra time to complete their degree requirements.

Navigating the PhD Journey: What You Need to Know

Considering a PhD? Here’s What You Need to Know

When contemplating pursuing a PhD, there are several crucial aspects of doctoral degrees to consider.

To apply for PhD programs, you must furnish academic transcripts from your prior education, along with samples of your academic writing and research, and letters of recommendation from former professors. Additionally, you will likely need to craft a personal statement outlining your academic and professional goals, research interests, reasons for applying to a specific program, relevant skills and experience, and strengths.

Before applying, it is advisable to research various educational institutions to understand their reputation, faculty achievements, mission statements, and the types of positions former graduate students have secured upon graduation.

Once enrolled in a doctoral program, expect to engage in advanced study in your field. This typically involves two years of coursework, conducting original research on a specific topic, navigating academic publishing, and collaborating closely with faculty to prepare for a career in academia or research.

Successful completion of a PhD program usually requires writing a dissertation or conducting a significant research project on a specific topic within your field. Most programs also require students to undergo an oral defense to demonstrate their mastery of the dissertation topic and explain its contribution to the field.

Ph.D. or PhD: Which is the Correct Format?

The generally accepted and more common style is to write “PhD” without periods. However, both “Ph.D.” and “PhD” are used, and the choice may depend on the specific style guide or preference of the institution or publication.

Education Requirements for a PhD

To pursue a PhD, you must first earn your bachelor’s degree and often your master’s degree before applying to doctoral programs. However, there are programs that integrate the master’s degree with the PhD, allowing you to start after completing your bachelor’s degree and thus reducing the time needed to earn both degrees.

Let’s explore the two key degrees you must complete before embarking on your PhD journey.

Bachelor’s Degree

 Before pursuing advanced degrees like a master’s or PhD, you must obtain a bachelor’s degree . While it’s not necessary to major in a field directly related to your future doctorate, choosing a complementary subject can provide a solid foundation for higher-level coursework. For instance, if your goal is to earn a PhD in economics, majoring in economics, finance, business, or even political science as an undergraduate could be beneficial.

While graduate programs don’t always require applicants to have majored in the same field they’re applying to, you must demonstrate your interest in your potential graduate field and have some understanding of what you wish to study within it. Aligning your undergraduate and graduate focuses may also expedite your progress through graduate coursework.

Master’s Degree

 A master’s degree is an advanced credential pursued after completing your undergraduate studies. Most PhD programs require a master’s degree before admission, although, as mentioned earlier, some programs combine degree paths to accelerate completion.

Master’s programs typically take between one and three years to complete, depending on whether you attend part-time or full-time. These degrees enhance your expertise in your field and qualify you for many higher-level careers. Alternatively, you can continue your education and apply to PhD programs.

Benefits of a PhD

Advanced Knowledge and Expertise : A PhD program provides in-depth knowledge and expertise in a specific field, allowing you to become a leading authority in your area of study.

Career Opportunities : A PhD opens up a wide range of career opportunities, including academic positions, research roles in industries, and leadership positions in various organizations.

Higher Earning Potential : Individuals with a PhD typically earn higher salaries compared to those with lower levels of education.

Personal Development : Pursuing a PhD challenges you intellectually and helps you develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and research skills.

Contribution to Knowledge : Through your research and dissertation, you have the opportunity to contribute new knowledge and ideas to your field, advancing the overall understanding of the subject.

Networking Opportunities : During your PhD program, you will have the chance to collaborate with other researchers, academics, and professionals in your field, expanding your professional network.

Prestige and Recognition : Earning a PhD is a significant achievement that brings prestige and recognition within your field and beyond.

Job Security : In fields where a PhD is required or preferred, such as academia and research, having a PhD can provide greater job security and stability.

Personal Fulfillment : Completing a PhD is a challenging yet rewarding journey that can bring a sense of personal fulfillment and accomplishment.

The Significance of a PhD

Expertise and Specialization : A PhD signifies expertise and specialized knowledge in a particular field, demonstrating a high level of understanding and competency.

Career Advancement : A PhD can open up advanced career opportunities, such as senior research positions, university professorships, and leadership roles in academia, research, and industry.

Research Skills : PhD programs develop strong research skills, including critical thinking, problem-solving, data analysis, and experimental design, which are valuable in various professions.

Contribution to Knowledge : Through a PhD, individuals contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their field through original research and scholarly work.

Personal Development : The PhD journey fosters personal growth, resilience, and perseverance, preparing individuals for complex challenges in their careers and personal lives.

Intellectual Stimulation : PhD programs offer intellectual stimulation and the opportunity to engage deeply with cutting-edge ideas and research in the field.

Global Recognition : A PhD is internationally recognized as the highest academic achievement, enhancing credibility and opening doors to global opportunities.

Impact on Society : PhD holders often contribute to society through innovations, discoveries, and advancements that benefit communities and industries.

Networking : PhD programs provide opportunities to build professional networks with experts, researchers, and scholars, which can be valuable for future collaborations and career opportunities.

Personal Fulfillment : For many, earning a PhD is a lifelong dream and a source of personal fulfillment, representing the culmination of years of dedication and hard work.

Careers Requiring a PhD

• Academic Researcher : Many universities and research institutions require a PhD for research-focused positions, such as postdoctoral research fellowships and faculty positions.
• University Professor : To teach at the university level, especially in fields like science, humanities, and social sciences, a PhD is often required.
• Medical Scientist : Medical scientists who conduct research to improve human health typically need a PhD, along with a medical degree for some positions.
• Senior Scientist : In industries such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and environmental science, senior scientist positions often require a PhD for research and development roles.
• Government Researcher : Government agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), often require a PhD for research positions.
• Policy Analyst : Some policy analyst positions, especially those focusing on complex issues in areas like healthcare, environment, and education, may require a PhD.
• Data Scientist : In industries like technology and finance, data scientists often need a PhD to conduct advanced data analysis and develop predictive models.
• Senior Engineer : In engineering fields, especially in research and development, a PhD may be required for senior engineering positions.
• Senior Economist : Economists working in research or policy analysis roles often need a PhD for positions that require advanced economic analysis.
• Psychologist : Clinical and counseling psychologists typically need a PhD to practice, while research and academic positions in psychology also require a PhD.

Frequently Asked Questions About the PhD Abbreviation

Q1: what distinguishes a phd from other doctoral degrees.

A: While “doctoral degree” encompasses any advanced degree after a bachelor’s, a PhD emphasizes original research. Doctorates like EdD or DBA may focus more on applying knowledge practically.

Q2: How long does it take to earn a PhD?

A: Completion time varies based on the field, research topic, and program, typically ranging from 4-8 years.

Q3: What is the process for earning a PhD?

A: The process involves coursework, comprehensive exams, and original research presented in a dissertation or thesis, defended before a committee.

Q4: What career paths are available with a PhD?

A: PhD holders can pursue roles such as professors, researchers, consultants, or government positions, depending on their field.

Q5.What does “PhD” stand for?

“PhD” stands for “Doctor of Philosophy.” It is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in many countries.

Q6: Is a PhD in philosophy required to use the “PhD” abbreviation?

No, the abbreviation “PhD” is used for all doctoral degrees, not just those in philosophy. It is used to denote a high level of expertise and achievement in a specific field.

Q7: Can you earn a PhD in fields other than philosophy?

Yes, you can earn a PhD in a wide range of fields, including but not limited to the sciences, social sciences, humanities, and engineering.

Q8: What is the difference between a PhD and other doctoral degrees?

While the specific requirements may vary, a PhD is typically a research-focused degree that requires the completion of a dissertation or thesis based on original research. Other doctoral degrees, such as a Doctor of Education (EdD) or Doctor of Business Administration (DBA), may have different requirements and focus areas.

Q9: How long does it take to earn a PhD?

The time it takes to earn a PhD can vary depending on the field of study, the individual’s background and circumstances, and the requirements of the program. In general, it can take anywhere from three to seven years to complete a PhD program.

Q10: What are the benefits of earning a PhD?

Earning a PhD can open up opportunities for advanced research, teaching positions at universities, and leadership roles in various industries. It can also lead to personal and professional growth, as well as the satisfaction of contributing new knowledge to your field.

Q 11. Can you use the title “Dr.” with a PhD?

Yes, individuals who hold a PhD are entitled to use the title “Dr.” as a prefix to their name. However, the use of the title may vary depending on cultural and professional norms.

In conclusion, the PhD abbreviation represents a substantial academic achievement that signifies mastery and expertise in a specific field. Its origins trace back to medieval Europe, where it was initially granted in theology, law, and medicine. Over time, the PhD has evolved to encompass a wide range of disciplines, reflecting the diverse fields of study in which individuals can demonstrate their expertise.

Understanding the meaning and history of the PhD can be enlightening and inspiring, whether you are considering pursuing one or simply curious about its origins. It represents a commitment to rigorous academic inquiry and a dedication to advancing knowledge in a particular area.

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Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Department of Economics

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