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Project tiger in india.
Project Tiger is a landmark conservation initiative in India aimed at safeguarding the country’s dwindling population of tigers. Project Tiger’s initiative has played a crucial role in preserving the natural habitats of tigers and ensuring their long-term survival in the wild. This article aims to study in detail the Project Tiger, Tiger Reserves, Tiger Task Force, National Tiger Conservation Authority, its members, functions and other related aspects.
About Project Tiger in India
- Project Tiger is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Ministry of Environment and Forests administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority.
- The Indian tiger population at the end of the 20th century was estimated at 20,000 to 40,000 individuals.
- The first country-wide tiger census in 1972 estimated the population to comprise more than 1,800 individuals, highlighting a significant reduction in tiger numbers.
- Project Tiger was launched in Jim Corbett National Park of Uttarakhand in 1973, and various tiger reserves were created in the country based on a ‘core-buffer’ strategy.
Tiger Reserves – Core and Buffer Strategy
The Tiger Reserves are constituted on a ‘core-buffer strategy’.
- The core area is free from biotic disturbances and forestry operations, where the collection of minor forest produce, grazing, and human disturbances are not allowed.
- These areas must be kept for tiger conservation without affecting the rights of the Scheduled Tribes or other forest dwellers.
- The State Government notifies these areas in consultation with an Expert Committee (constituted for that purpose).
Buffer Zone
- The Act defines a buffer zone as peripheral to the critical tiger habitat or core area, providing supplementary habitat for dispersing tigers and offering scope for the coexistence of human activity (tribals).
- The concerned Gram Sabha determines the limits of such areas, and an Expert Committee is constituted.
Tiger Task Force
- The implementation of Project Tiger over the years has highlighted the need for a statutory authority with legal backing to ensure tiger conservation.
- Based on the recommendations of the National Board for Wildlife, a Task Force was set up to address the problems of tiger conservation in the country.
- The Task Force’s recommendations include strengthening Project Tiger by giving it statutory and administrative powers.
National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)
- The Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act 2006 created the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) and the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau.
- Established in December 2005 following the Tiger Task Force recommendations, the NTCA administers Project Tiger.
- Tiger reserves in India are governed by NTCA guidelines, with field directors overseeing administration.
- Changes to reserve boundaries require NTCA recommendations and the approval of the National Board for Wildlife, and no state government can de-notify a reserve without these approvals.
Members in National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)
- The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) was established under the Chairmanship of the Minister for Environment and Forests.
- The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) includes eight experts with qualifications in wildlife conservation and tribal welfare, three Members of Parliament, and the Inspector General of Forests (in charge of Project Tiger) as the ex-officio Member Secretary, among others.
Functions of National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)
The functions of the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) are:
- The National Tiger Conservation Authority lays down standards and guidelines for tiger conservation in Tiger Reserves, National Parks, and Sanctuaries.
- National Tiger Conservation Authority is required to prepare an Annual Report and Audit Report, which are laid before the Parliament.
- State-level Steering Committees will be established in the Tiger States under the chairmanship of respective Chief Ministers to ensure coordination, monitoring, and protection of tigers.
- Additionally, State Governments are required to prepare a Tiger Conservation Plan and establish a Tiger Conservation Foundation based on successful practices from some tiger reserves.
Tiger Census
- The tiger census estimates the number of tigers in a given area every four years.
- The tiger census is conducted regularly to know the current tiger populations and trends.
- The method estimates the number of tigers and helps gather information on the population density and associated prey density.
- The most commonly used technique was the Pugmark Census Technique.
- In this method, the imprints of the tiger’s pugmark were recorded and used to identify individuals.
- The tiger census is used mainly as one of the indices of tiger occurrence and relative abundance.
- Recent methods used to estimate the number of tigers are camera trapping and DNA fingerprinting.
- In-camera trapping involves photographing the tiger, and individuals are differentiated based on the stripes on their bodies.
- In the latest DNA fingerprinting technique, tigers can be identified from their scats.
Project Tiger has made significant strides in conserving tigers in India, from establishing numerous tiger reserves to implementing scientific techniques for population monitoring. Despite the challenges, the NTCA, state governments, and local communities’ continuous efforts have contributed to stabilising and growing the tiger population. Protecting tigers and their habitats remains vital for maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance in India.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is project tiger.
Project Tiger is a wildlife conservation program that protects tigers and their habitats in India.
How many tiger reserves are in India?
As of now, there are 53 tiger reserves in India.
Who launched Project Tiger?
The Government of India launched Project Tiger.
Project Tiger was started in?
Project Tiger was started in 1973.
Project Tiger was launched in?
Project Tiger was launched in Jim Corbett National Park.
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Government of India Act, 1858, Indian Councils Act 1861 & 1892
Charter Act of 1793,1813, 1833 & 1853
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Project Tiger is a conservation initiative in India that was launched in 1973 with the goal of protecting the tiger population and their habitats. The project was initiated in response to the rapid decline in tiger numbers due to poaching, habitat destruction, and human-wildlife conflict.
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Project Tiger 2. Objectives of Project Tiger 3. Conservation Process 4. Greatest Tragedy 5. Tiger Conservation in West Bengal. Introduction to Project Tiger: Tiger (Panthera tigris) has been the integral part to the life and legend of mankind. The tiger has been feared and revered, hunted and worshiped; it has found its way into ...
Project Tiger is a wildlife conservation movement initiated in India to protect the endangered tiger. The project was initiated in 1973 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change of the Government of India. As of March 2024, there are 55 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves under the project. As of 2023 ...
Essay on Project Tiger - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Project Tiger was launched in 1973 by the Indian government to protect the tiger population in India, which had dwindled from 40,000 at independence to below 2,000 by 1970 due to hunting and poaching.
Jan 13, 2024 · Growth Rate in Tiger Population: The first tiger census, in 1972, used the unreliable pug-mark method to count 1,827 tigers. As of 2022, the tiger population is estimated at 3,167-3,925, showcasing a growth rate of 6.1% per year. India is now home to three-quarters of the world’s tigers. Tiger Reserve: In 1973, Project Tiger began with nine ...
Oct 7, 2024 · The 'Project Tiger' is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) of the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change, and it has put the endangered tiger on an assured path of recovery by saving it from extinction, as revealed by the recent findings of the All India tiger estimation using the refined methodology.
Owing to the project, the number of tigers has improved to 2,226 as per the latest census report released on 20 January 2015. 2. What is project Tiger? Launched on April 1973 Project Tiger has successfully emerged as one of the champion endeavors of Tiger conservation as formulated by a special task force set up under Wildlife Conservation Act to
Oct 19, 2024 · Project Tiger is a landmark conservation initiative in India aimed at safeguarding the country’s dwindling population of tigers. Project Tiger’s initiative has played a crucial role in preserving the natural habitats of tigers and ensuring their long-term survival in the wild. This article aims to study in detail the Project Tiger, Tiger ...
Apr 11, 2016 · Project Tiger is a conservation programme launched in 1972 by theGovernment of India during Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's tenure. The project aims at ensuring a viable population of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats and also to protect them from extinction, and preserving areas of biological importance as a natural heritage forever represented as close as possible the diversity of ...
Feb 25, 2024 · At the 1969 IUCN General Assembly meeting in Delhi, serious concerns were raised about threats to several wildlife species and shrinking habitats. In 1970, a national ban on tiger hunting was imposed and the Wildlife Protection Act came into force in 1972. A ‘Task Force’ formulated Project Tiger, an ecological approach to tiger conservation.