drawing a simple single business plan jss3

Drawing A Simple Single Business Plan

Back to: BUSINESS STUDIES JSS3

Welcome to Class !!

We are eager to have you join us !!

In today’s Business Studies class, We will be learning about Drawing a smile Business Plan.  We hope you enjoy the class!

A business plan is a written document which describes the objectives of a business and the strategies of achieving the objectives. A business plan is like a road map giving the direction of a business. The business plan contains background information about a business venture.

  CHARACTERISTICS OF A BUSINESS PLAN

• A good business plan must be clear in its objectives to be achieved.
• A good business plan must be reasonable and achievable.
• It must be measurable and easy to determine if the business is growing or not.
• It must be time-bound and state how long the objective will be achieved.
• It must be in written form so that it will be easy to refer to.

USES OF A BUSINESS PLAN

• It acts as a guide to the business and its operations.
• It helps the entrepreneur to research into the business they want to pursue
• It helps the employees to know the objectives of the business thereby enabling them to work towards these objectives
• It helps develop the policy or rules for the business
• It helps the investors to know and see how accountable the management is and the structure put into place.

PROCEDURES FOR DRAWING A SIMPLE SINGLE BUSINESS PLAN

• Background/preamble—It has the product/service, its name, logo, vision and goals.
• Market Research—–Find out customers’ want and needs, pricing and competitors in the market.
• Marketing—-Creating awareness for the goods.
• Production—method of production and quality control.
• Organization/management—showing the number of people that will be employed and their duties.
• Finance—-estimating amount to start a business, its source and how it is to be expended.
• Action plan.
• What is a business plan?
• State two uses of a business plan.

READING ASSIGNMENT

WABP Business Studies book 3 Pages54 to 63

GENERAL EVALUATION

• What is an office?
• Mention the types of office that you know and give an example for each.
• State seven functions of an office.
• Give seven components of Business Studies.
• What is trade by barter?

  WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

• The written form of a business’ objectives and their strategies is called business ___ (a) product   (b) service   (c) plan   (d)  management
• The external factors of a business environment that can have a negative effect on the goals of a business are termed as ___  (a) objectives(b) strengths  (c) threats   (d) weaknesses
• The business plan should describe the business objectives and the ___ of achieving it. (a) layout (b) components    (c) strategies     (d) plan.
• Which one of the following is not a characteristic of a business plan? (a)Achievable (b)Measurable  (c)   Cheap and easy   (d)In written form.
• Which is the first procedure in drawing the business plan? (a)Action plan (b) Market research (c)Background preamble   (d)Production
• Define a business plan.
• State three uses of a business plan to an entrepreneur.

We have come to the end of this class. We do hope you enjoyed the class?

Should you have any further question, feel free to ask in the comment section below and trust us to respond as soon as possible.

In our next class, we will be talking about Consumer Protection Agencies.  We are very much eager to meet you there.

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Creating a Simple Business Plan: Step-by-Step Guide for JSS 3 Students Business Studies JSS 3 First Term Lesson Notes Week 10

Simple single business plan.

Subject: Business Studies Class: JSS 3 Term: First Term Week: 10 Age: 14-15 years

Topic: Simple Single Business Plan Sub-topic: Procedures for Drawing Up a Simple Single Business Plan Duration: 60 minutes

Behavioural Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

• Define a simple business plan.
• Explain the importance of a business plan.
• List the steps involved in creating a simple business plan.
• Identify key components of a business plan.
• Draft a basic outline of a business plan.

Keywords: Business plan, entrepreneurship, objectives, market analysis, financial plan.

Set Induction: Begin with a discussion about what businesses students know. Ask them why they think businesses succeed or fail.

Entry Behaviour: Students should have a basic understanding of business concepts and entrepreneurship.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Whiteboard and markers
• Projector (if available)
• Sample business plan templates
• Printed worksheets

Building Background / Connection to Prior Knowledge: Recall previous lessons on entrepreneurship and the characteristics of a good entrepreneur.

Embedded Core Skills: Critical thinking, communication, problem-solving, and teamwork.

Learning Materials:

• Sample business plan
• Relevant textbooks

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for Business Studies
• “Business Studies for Junior Secondary Schools”

Instructional Materials:

• Chart paper for group activities

Definition: A simple business plan is a written document that outlines a business’s goals, strategies, and the means to achieve them.

Importance:

• Helps clarify business ideas.
• Attracts investors or loans.
• Guides business operations.
• Sets benchmarks for success.
• Helps identify potential challenges.

Procedures for Drawing Up a Simple Business Plan:

• Executive Summary: Briefly summarize the business idea.
• Business Description: Outline what the business does.
• Market Analysis: Research the target market and competitors.
• Organization and Management: Describe the business structure and team.
• Financial Plan: Include startup costs, revenue projections, and funding needs.

Evaluation:

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:

• A business plan is a __________ document. (a) written (b) spoken (c) visual (d) digital
• The __________ summary gives an overview of the business plan. (a) executive (b) market (c) financial (d) product
• Market analysis helps identify __________. (a) customers (b) suppliers (c) locations (d) all of the above
• Financial planning includes __________ costs. (a) personal (b) startup (c) fixed (d) variable
• The business __________ describes the structure of the business. (a) plan (b) model (c) description (d) overview
• A good business plan can attract __________. (a) employees (b) investors (c) customers (d) competitors
• The __________ describes what the business does. (a) executive summary (b) market analysis (c) financial plan (d) business description
• An effective business plan is usually __________. (a) complex (b) clear (c) long (d) vague
• Competitor analysis is part of __________. (a) organization (b) market analysis (c) financial planning (d) management
• The __________ of the business plan outlines the goals. (a) executive summary (b) financial plan (c) overview (d) objectives
• Startups often require __________ for funding. (a) loans (b) charity (c) free help (d) none of the above
• The business plan should be __________ regularly. (a) ignored (b) updated (c) forgotten (d) discarded
• An entrepreneur should have a __________ to guide their business. (a) map (b) plan (c) goal (d) mentor
• The target __________ is essential for market analysis. (a) audience (b) age (c) price (d) quality
• The first step in writing a business plan is to create an __________. (a) introduction (b) executive summary (c) outline (d) analysis

Class Activity Discussion:

FAQs with Answers:

• What is a business plan? A business plan is a document that outlines the goals and strategies of a business.
• Why do I need a business plan? It helps clarify your business idea and attracts investors.
• What should be included in a business plan? Executive summary, business description, market analysis, and financial plan.
• How long should a business plan be? It can vary but should be concise and clear, usually 10-20 pages.
• Who uses business plans? Entrepreneurs, investors, and banks use business plans to make informed decisions.
• Can I change my business plan? Yes, business plans should be flexible and updated as needed.
• What is market analysis? It’s the research on your target market and competition.
• Do I need to be an expert to write a business plan? No, anyone can write a business plan with some research and guidance.
• How often should I review my business plan? Regularly, at least once a year.
• What is a financial plan? It outlines how much money is needed and how it will be used.
• Can I write a business plan alone? Yes, but collaborating can provide different perspectives.
• What if my plan doesn’t work? Learn from it, adjust, and try again.
• Should I include my competition in my plan? Yes, analyzing competitors is essential.
• How do I start writing a business plan? Begin with an executive summary and outline your ideas.
• Is there software to help with business plans? Yes, there are many tools and templates available online.

Presentation:

Step 1: Teacher revises the previous topic on entrepreneurship. Step 2: Teacher introduces the new topic of business plans. Step 3: Students contribute their ideas, and the teacher provides corrections.

Activities:

Teacher’s Activities:

• Facilitate discussions.
• Present examples of business plans.
• Guide students in group activities.

Learner’s Activities:

• Participate in discussions.
• Work in groups to draft a simple business plan outline.
• Share their ideas with the class.

Assessment:

Evaluation Questions:

• What is the purpose of a business plan?
• Name one key component of a business plan.
• What does market analysis involve?
• Describe the financial plan in a business plan.
• Why is the executive summary important?
• How can a business plan help attract investors?
• What is a common mistake in writing a business plan?
• How can you ensure your business plan is effective?
• What role does competition analysis play in a business plan?
• How can you make a business plan flexible?

Conclusion:

The teacher goes around to mark and conduct necessary evaluations, providing feedback on the students’ understanding of the topic.

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Business studies for jss 3 first term, scheme of work business studies jss3 first term.

• Advertising/Media/Jingles-Meaning, Types, Functioning, Radio,Television,Newspaper, etc. Different Jingles used in Advertising Media.
• Transportation- Meaning, Importance and Types
• Advantages/ Disadvantages of Transportation of Each Type of Transportation
• Communication- Meaning, Means of Communication and Importance
• Communication- Services Provided by Communication Agencies
• Simple Single Business Goal- Meaning, Weaknesses, Opportunity, Threats
• Drawing A Simple Single Business Plan-Meaning of Simple Business Plan, Procedure for Drawing up a Simple Single Business Plan
• Consumer Protection Agencies- Meaning and Uses, National CommuncationComission (NCC), Standard Organisation of Nigeria(SON), National  Electricity Regulatory Commission(NERC), National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control (NAFDAC)  Roles and Responsibilities of Consumer Protection Agencies.
• How To Make Complaints- Meaning, Justification, Unjustified Complaints, Steps in Lodging a Complaints,Writing a Complaint Letter, Reasons of Borrowing  Claim Cards, Procedures for Burning Chemicals not Suitable for Use, Reason for Restricting Chemicals not Suitable for Use.
• How To Seek Redress  

11 & 12        Revision&Examination

TOPIC: ADVERTISEMENT

i. Meaning of Advertising

ii.  Forms/Types of Advertising

iii. Importance/roles of Advertising

MEANING OF ADVERTISING

Advertising is the process of creating awareness among the members of public about a particular product. It ensures that customers are aware of the existence and availability of a particular product and they are persuaded to buy it.  Advertising cantake various forms.

VARIOUS FORMS OF ADVERTISING

INFORMATIVE ADVERTISING

This kind is aimed at spreading information that will let consumers to know which goods and services are available.                 

PERSUASIVE ADVERTISING

This is a type of advertising which tries to persuade customers to buy a particular brand of product as being different from other brands.

COMPETITIVE ADVERTISING

This is a type of advertising which is aimed at persuading customers to buy one brand of a product in preference to another brand by another producer.

MASS/GENERIC ADVERTISING

This is a type of advertising in which manufacturers ofsimilar products or same commodity come together to jointly advertise their products to the consuming public.

IMPORTANCE/ROLE OF ADVERTISING

• It nlightens members of the public on the usefulness of a product
• It creates awareness about the quality of a product.
• It helps consumers to compare prices of competing product.
• It helps to increase sales.
• Advertising helps in introducing a new product to the market.
• It helps in publishing brand names.
• It boosts a product’s share of the market.
• It enhances the public image of an organization
• It is a gentle way of reminding consumers about a product.

1.  Define advertising.

2.  List five roles of advertising

READING ASSIGNMENT

Business Studies for JSS3 by O. A. Lawal, pages 34 – 41

GENERAL EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. What are aids to trade?

2. List the aids to trade that you know

3. Give another name for aids to trade

4. What is production?

5. Give the factors of production with their respective rewards.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

• Which of the following is not an aid to trade?

a. Transportation b.Communication     c. Advertising   d. Commerce 

• ___ is a type of advertising.

a. Information     b. Informative    c. Marketing    d. Competition.

• Advertising___ demand for the advertised product.   a. discourages                             b. reduces     c. stimulates    d. hinders.
• The form of advertising that involves producers of similar products coming together to advertise their products is known as ___ advertising

a. competitive    b. generic    c. persuasive     d. indirect.

•  The cost of advertising a product is borne by ___

a. marketers b. advertiser   c. consumers    d. producers.

• What is advertising?
• List five roles of advertising
• State  five means of advertising

Edudelight.com Lesson note

TOPIC: TRANSPORTATION

• Definition/Meaning
• Means of Transportation in Nigeria
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Transportation

DEFINITION/MEANING OF TRANSPORTATION

Transportation is concerned with the movement of people and goods from one place to another.  This is concerned with all activities that ensure effective transportation system.

Those who engage in these services are drivers, pilots, sailors,etc.

IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION       

• It facilitates efficient distribution of goods and services.
• It promotes trading activities.
• It facilitates efficient movement of productive resources i.e man and materials.
• Transportation prevents waste. Eg of perishable goods.
•  It encourages the development of rural areas.
•  It encourages trade between one country and another.
•  Transport widens the market for goods and services ie taking goods and services to where they are needed most.
•  It leads to economic growth and development.
•  Transport helps to improve the standard of living of the people.

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION IN NIGERIA

The means or methods of transportation in Nigeria are as follows –

• Transport by Land : Land transport can be sub-divided into

A   Road transport and

B    Rail transport

The means of road transport in Nigeria are-

• motor vehicle
• motor-cycles

Transport by Rail : Train has its special route.  It does not move on ordinaryground. The special iron tracks on which trains move are known as railwaylines.

• Air Transport – This is carried out by means of aeroplanes fromone airport to another in Nigeria.
• Pipeline Transport: This is a suitable means of transporting liquid products such water, crude oil and gas.

1.  Define transportation.

2. State the main modes of transportation.

Business Studies for JSS3 by O. A. Lawal, pages 41 to 49.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. What is a reception office?

2. Who is a receptionist?

3. Mention four job qualities of a receptionist.

4. Give four documents handled by a receptionist.

4. What is book keeping?

5. Define a petty cash book.

• Transportation is the movement of _____ and ____ from one place to another.

A. goods and services B. goods and loads C. people and children D. people and goods.

• Which of the following is not an importance of transportation? Transportation___

A. expands the scope of the market for manufactured goods. B. facilitates the distribution of goods C. increases the spoilage of goods D. encourages tourism.

• Which of the following means of transport is suitable for transporting crude oil?

A. Ferry B. Coaster C. Pipeline D. Road transport

• The means of transport that involves special iron tracks for it to move is known as ___ A. pipeline transport   B. road  water transport   C. rail transport   D. air transport.
• Which is the odd one among the following?

A. Ferry B. Carmel C. Trailer D.bus.

• What is transportation?
• Give the main means of transportation
• State five importance of transportation

TOPIC: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRANSPORTATION

Road transport, advantages of transport by road.

1.  Road transport is flexible.

2  It is a suitable means of transport for carrying perishable goods.

3  It is relatively a faster means of transport.

4  The maintenance cost is low.

5  Loading and unloading are easy.

6  It provides door-to-door service for transporting goods, etc.

DISADVANTAGES OF TRANSPORT BY ROAD

• The rate at which accidents happen is high.
• Congestions and traffic congestions occur in road transport.
• It is not suitable for carrying fragile goods.
• It does not operate on schedule.
• Welfare facilities such as canteens and toilets are not provided.
• It is not suitable for conveying heavy and bulky goods, etc.

RAIL TRANSPORT

Advantages of rail transport.

• Trains carry bulky goods more than motor vehicles.
• Accidents are not common occurrence.
• Train fares are cheaper than that of motor vehicles.
• It is good for long distance journeys.
• Canteen and toilet facilities are made available in trains.
• Trains do not involve in traffic hold-ups, etc

DISADVANTAGES OF RAIL TRANSPORT

• It is not flexible like road transport
• The maintenance costs of trains and their lines are high
• Loading and unloading of goods in trains are not easy
• Trains do not provide door-to-door service
• Trains cannot be used by firms to do door-to-door advertising
• Trains delay a lot on their ways as they stop from station to station,etc.

WATER TRANSPORT

Advantages of water transport.

• It is the most suitable means of carrying bulky goods.
• It connects countries of the world.
• It helps to make international trade possible.
• It is cheaper in long distance journeys than air transport.
• Cargoes are expertly packed in ships.
• Luxurious facilities are provided in trains,etc.

DISADVANTAGES OF WATER TRANSPORT

• It is very slow especially in long distances.
• It is very expensive to acquire a ship.
• Construction of new seaports is very expensive.
• It is faced with the dangers of sea storms.
• It is not a common means of transportation.
• Loading and unloading of goods in ships is not easy,etc.

AIR TRANSPORT

Advantages of air transport.

• Air transport is the fastest means of transport.
• It is the most suitable means of transporting perishable goods.
• When efficiency and comfort are essential, it provides the answer.
• It is conducted on schedule and therefore, it is reliable.
• It is a  very good means of transport over long distances.
• It costs nothing to provide air routes, etc.

DISADVANTAGES OF AIR TRANSPORT

• Air transport cost is very expensive.
• It is not flexible because it is operated on schedule.
• It is not suitable for carrying bulky goods.
• Its operation is influenced by weather.
• Cost of construction and equipping of airports are expensive.
• Airports are located away from the people, etc.

PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION

Advantages of pipeline transportation.

1. It is a suitable means of transporting liquids.

2. It is cost effective.

3. It does not require elaborate preparation for loading and off-loading.

DISADVANTAGESOF PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION

1.Pipelines are prone to vandalisation.

2. Some pipelines carrying toxic materials can be dangerous to the environment when damaged.

3. The cost of patrolling the pipelines to guard against vandalisation is very high.

• State four advantages of air transport.
• What are the five shortcomings of rail transport.

Business Studies for JSS3 by O. A. Lawal, pages 44 to 51

• Give the second eight consonants and their outlines.
• Give the third eight consonants and their outlines.
• Give the upward R and the downward R and their outlines.
• How many vowels are there in Pitman shorthand?
• Write out the vowels.
• —- is the fastest means of transport. A. Air B. Water C. Road D. Rail
• —- is the most suitable means of transport for carrying bulky good.

A. Water B. Air C. Road D. Rail

• —- transport system is the most suitable for carrying perishable

A. Road B.Air C. Rail D. Pipeline

• — transport system is affected by traffic jams.

A. Road B. Rail C. Air D. Water

• The transport system that is most affected by weather is —-

A. rail B. road C. water D. air

• State five advantages and five disadvantages of transport by air
• Mention three advantages of water transport  over air

TOPIC: COMMUNICATION

DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION

Communication can simply be defined as exchange of information, news, ideas, opinions, etc.  It can be oral or written.

IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION

• The world is now one huge market place as a result of the ease in communication.
•  By means of communication, the manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers can maintain constant contact
• It is now possible for business to obtain accurate market information without the need to travel.
• Communication encourages the free flow of goods from the point of manufacture to the point of need.
• Communication aids the quick settlement of foreign debts by means of  telegraphic money order,etc.
• Communication provides useful means of controlling and directing aircraft in air.
• While in the middle of ocean, communication helps to direct and control ocean- going vessels.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

• Oral communication
• Written communication
• Advertising
•  Non-verbal communication,etc.

1.  Define advertising.

2 .  List five roles of advertising

Business Studies for JSS3 by O. A. Lawal, pages 50 to 51

1. What isinsurance?

2. Mention the types of insurance.

3. Give five principles of insurance.

4. State four importance of insurance.

5. Explain subrogation as a principle of insurance..

• Which of the following is not a source of receiving information in an office?

a. Drums   b. Internet   c. Letters   d. Telephones.

• Metal gong is an example of ____ a. indirect   b. modern   c. traditional                           d. written.  
• Which of the following is NOT a GSM service provider in Nigeria?                             a. Airtel    b. Nokia    c. Globacom   d. MTN
• The following are auxiliaries to trade EXCEPT a. advertising   b. insurance  c. communication   d. accounting.
• Signs are also a form of —————

a.communication     b interviewing     c  celebrating      d. none of the above.

• What is communication?
• Mention four importance of communication.
• Post office as Means of Communication:-
• Postal and Telegraphic Services:-
• A  Ordinary letter Postage Service
• B   Express Letter Postage Service
• C   Postage by Air
• D   Registration of Letters and Parcels 
• Telephone Services – local calls,international and trunk calls.

POST OFFICE AS A MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

NIPOST is an important branch of the Federal Ministry of Communications.  Internal and international postal services are the major responsibilities of NIPOST.

POSTAL AND TELEGRAPHIC SERVICES

POSTAL SERVICES: As regards internal postal services within Nigeria, NIPOST delivers letters, parcels, cards, etc.  Charges for these services vary from time to time.

TELEGRAPHIC SERVICES: NITEL makes it possible to dispatch telegrams within and outside Nigeria.  It is also possible to send telegrams to ships on the high seas.

ORDINARY LETTER POSTAGE SERVICE: NIPOST carries and distributes letters to people and institutions within Nigeria.  This is a very important service.

EXPRESS LETTER POSTAGE SERVICE: NIPOST dispatches express letters as quickly as possible and by the fastest available means.  This service attracts extra charges.

POSTAGE BY AIR: Air mail service is a means by which the post office sends people’s mails by air through aeroplane.

REGISTERED LETTERS AND PARCELS

REGISTERED LETTERS: At times, some letters have very important documents attached to them or they themselves are very important.  In any of these cases, such a letter may be registered toguarantee its safety.   The post office collects extra charges for rendering this service to its customers.

REGISTERED PARCELS: Like the registered letters, parcels that contain important items are frequently registered by the post office at the request of its clients.  This is done to secure the content of such parcels.  For this service, the post office also charges the customer more.

INTERNATIONAL, TRUNK AND LOCAL CALLS: The post office renders the above telephone services to its   customers.  These areexplained as follows.

INTERNATIONAL CALLS: These are calls made from one country to another.  Different rates are charged for such calls based on the country to which the call is made and the duration of each call.

TRUNK CALLS: These are calls made within a country but from one town to another.  Examples are calls from Lagos to Ibadan or from Asaba to Kano all in Nigeria. Also different rates apply to different calls depending on the time of the day or night the call is made and the duration of such calls.

LOCAL CALLS: Local calls are calls made within the same town.  For example a call from Yaba to Oyingbo  in Lagos Mainland.

1.  Explain:  a  registered letters        b  ordinary letters and c  trunk calls.

2.  Mention four types of communication

Business Studies for JSS3 by O. A. Lawal, pages 51 to 58

• Give ten parts of typewriter
• Which is the moveable part of typewriter when typing?
• Give the function of each part of typewriter as mentioned above
• In what year was typewriter invented?
• The call made from Aba to Kano in Nigeria is called — call.

a  trunk      b  local      c  internal       d  international

      2     Which of the following attracts extra charges to handle?

a  ordinary mail       b post card      c  business letter       d  express letter

3     A call from Lagos to Accra is an/a —- call.

a  local     b  trunk      c  ordinary      d  international

4     — helps to save an ocean going vessel in danger

a  diagram     b  telegram     c    programme     d  none of the above

      5     The following are services rendered by the post office except?

a. express letters   b. money orders   c. poster orders   d. satellite services

• List and explain three importance  of  communication.
• How does communication serve as an aid to trade?  Give five examples.    

TOPIC: SIMPLE SINGLE BUSINESS GOALS.

• Meaning of Business Goals
• SWOT Analysis
• Meaning of Business Plan

MEANING OF BUSINESS GOAL

It is important that when setting up a business, the entrepreneur identifies the goals to be achieved.Thereafter he/she targets and works at achieving these business goals. Therefore, a business goal is a business objective or target to be achieved by a specific period. A business may fail if its goals are not identified at the initial stage.

SWOT ANALYSIS

SWOT analysis means the designed plan to find out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a business. SWOT is an acronym for:

S- Strengths. Strengths refer to the internal characteristics of a business which give it an advantage over others. For example sufficient capital, strategic business location,  effective and efficient work-force and good customer relation can help a business venture to achieve its goals.

W-Weaknesses. Weaknesses are the internal characteristics that put a business at a disadvantage in comparison to others. For instance, insufficient capital, low-standard products, poor marketing, poor customer services, absenteeism among workers, etc

O- Opportunities. These are external factors or characteristics of a business environment that help the objectives of the business. Example provision of infrastructural facilities such as good roads, constant power supply,etc

T- Threats. These are theexternal factors of a business environment that can have adverse effects on the business. Example: the enactment of a new law by the government, bad debt, etc

SWOT analysis can be carried out for an enterprise, a product, an industry or a venture. SWOT analysis should precede the setting of business goals as this will enable achievable goals and objectives to be set for the business.

• Define a business goal.
• What is SWOT analysis?

WABP Business Studies Book 3 Pages54 to 63

• What is a sole proprietorship?
• Give three advantages and three disadvantages of sole proprietorship.
• State four other forms of business organizations that you know.
• Who is an entrepreneur?
• State four qualities of an entrepreneur.
• The objective of a business that is to be achieved at a specific period is called__

(a) business strategy  (b) business purpose  (c) business document (d) business map.

• Before establishing a business venture, it is necessary to identify the goals of such business.   (a)  Sometimes true   (b) False   (c) Always true(d) One cannot be sure
• Who among the following should be the one to identify the business goals? The___   (a) receptionist   (b)  secretary  (c)  manager   (d)  entrepreneur
• The following explain the acronym SWOT analysis except

(a)   objectives   (b) threat   (c) strengths  (d) weakness

• Insufficient capital and poor customer services can be regarded as ___ to a business. (a) threats     (b) weaknesses   (c) opportunity   (d) strengths.
• What is a business goal?
• Give the acronym of SWOT.

TOPIC: DRAWING A SIMPLE SINGLE BUSINESS PLAN.

BUSINESS PLAN

A business plan is a written document which describes the objectives of a business and the strategies of achieving the objectives. A business plan is like a road map giving the direction of a business. The business plan contains the background information about a business venture.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A BUSINESS PLAN

• A good business plan must be clear in its objectives to be achieved.
• A good business plan must be reasonable and achievable.
• It must be measurable and easy to determine if the business is growing or not.
• It must be time-bound and state how long the objective will be achieved.
• It must be in written form so that it will be easy to refer to.

USES OF A BUSINESS PLAN

• It acts a guide to the business and its operations.
• It helps the entrepreneur to research into the business they want to pursue
• It helps the employees to know the objectives of the business thereby enabling them to work towards these objectives
• It helps develop the policy or rules for the business
• It helps the investors to know and see how accountable the management is and the structure put into place.

PROCEDURES FOR DRAWING A SIMPLE SINGLE BUSINESS PLAN

• Background/preamble—It has the product/service, its name,logo, visionand goals.
• Market Research—–Find out customers’ want and needs, pricing and competitors in the market.
• Marketing—-Creating awareness for the goods.
• Production—method of production and quality control.
• Organisation/management—showing number of people that will be employed and their duties.
• Finance—-estimating amount to start a business, its source and how it is to be expended.
• Action plan.
• What is a business plan?
• State two uses of a business plan.

WABP Business Studies book 3 Pages54 to 63

• What is an office?
• Mention the types of an office that you know and give an example for each.
• State seven functions of an office.
•  Give seven components of Business Studies.
• What is trade by barter?
• The written form of a business’ objectives and their strategies is called business ___   (a) product   (b) service   (c) plan   (d)  management
• The external factors of a business environment that can have negative effect on the goals of a business are  termed as ___  (a) objectives(b) strengths  (c) threats   (d) weaknesses
• The business plan should describe the business objectives and the ___ of achieving it.(a) layout     (b) components    (c) strategies     (d) plan.
• Which one of the following is not a characteristic of a business plan?(a)Achievable   (b)Measurable  (c)   Cheap and easy   (d)In written form.
• Which is the first procedure in drawing the business plan? (a)Action plan    (b) Market research (c)Background preamble   (d)Production
• Define a business plan.
• State three uses of business plan to an entrepreneur

TOPIC: CONSUMER PROTECTION AGENCIES

• Meaning of Consumer Protection
• Meaning of Consumer Protection Agency
• Need for Consumer Protection
• Agencies of Consumer Protection

MEANING OF CONSUMER PROTECTION

Consumer protection is a way of ensuring that consumers enjoy maximum protection from the goods they buy and the services rendered to them. This helps to reduce and prevent the exploitation of the consumers such as low quality products and exorbitant prices on of goods and services.

MEANING OF CONSUMER PROTECTION AGENCIES

Consumer protection agency is an agency set up for the purpose of monitoring the activities of the manufacturer and the middlemen in order to avoid exploitation and unscrupulous activities.

NEED FOR CONSUMER PROTECTION

• To reduce price increase caused by artificial scarcity by the manufacturers and the middlemen
• To prevent consumers from buying low quality products as a result of false advertisement.
• To ensure that consumers enjoy maximum satisfaction from the goods they buy and the services rendered to them.
• To ensure that consumers have constant supply of some essential goods and services
• To prevent artificial scarcity of goods as a result of hoarding by themanufacturers and the middlemen

AGENCIES OF CONSUMER PROTECTION 

There are three basic organs or agencies of consumer protection and these are  government agencies, the legislations and independent organisations.

GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS

• National Agency for Food Drug Administration and Control(NAFDAC): This is established by the federal government to oversee  the production and distpribution of food and drugsso as to examine the conditions under which such foods or drugs are produced. It safeguards the health of the nation.
• National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) : This is established  by the Federal Government to eradicate the use of hard drug and its trafficking.
• Standard  Organisation of Nigeria: This is established to ensure that both  goods produced and imported into the country are of good standard and quality.
• Ministry of Health: This regulates the safety of the food items. For instance the cleanliness of abattoir, the healthiness of animals to be slaughtered
• Ministry of Environment: This regulates the building of houses and the sanitation of the environment.

LEGISLATIONS

These are laws made to protect consumers and they include the following.

• Sale of Goods Act 1893: This law protects consumers from buying goods that do not conform to the description and sample advertised.
• Weights and Measures Act 1963: It protects the consumers from being exploited in the weights and measures of goods.
• Food and Drug Act: It protects consumers from buying goods that are not well labeled or fit for human consumption.
• Rent Edicts: This helps to reduce the exploitation of tenants by landlords and agents.
• Hire Purchase Acts 1965
• Misrepresentation Act 1968
• Consumer Credit Act 1974

INDEPENDENT ORGANISATION

These are non-governmental bodies that help in protecting the interests of consumers. They include the following.

• Trade associations
• Consumer Associations
• Research Institutions.
• Define consumer protection.
• Mention four laws enacted to protect consumers.

Business Studies for Junior Secondary School 3 by O.A Lawal,Pages56-59

• Define manuscript.
• What is a margin?
• Give ten types of office equipment.
• State the function of each of the office equipment.
• State four roles of wages office.
• A way of making sure that consumers derive maximum satisfaction from the goods and services they buy is called ___  (a) Consumer exploitation(b) Consumer manipulation  (c) Consumer protection  (d)  consumer legislations
• The following are the needs for protecting the consumers except (a) to avoid arbitrary behavior  (b) to ensure constant supply of essential product (c) to allow unscrupulous activities of the manufacturers  (d) to prevent false advertisement claims.
• Consumer need to be protected against fake and substandard products. True/False
• Which of the following laws protects the consumer from misleading advertisements, handbills and sales promotion? (a)Rent Edict  (b) Sale of Goods Act 1893

(c) Weights and Measures 1963  (d)Food and Drug Act 1995

• The agency that eradicates the use and trafficking of hard drug is called___                      (a) NAFDAC  (b) SON  (c) Ministry of Environment(d) NDLEA
• What are consumer protection agencies?
• List five government organizations that protect consumers and   state the role of each one of them
• Give five forms of business organization.
• Describe each of the forms of  business organization as mentioned above
• Which is the oldest form of business organization?.
• Give three merits and three demerits of the oldest form of business organization.
• What is book keeping?

TOPIC: HOW TO MAKE COMPLAINTS

• Meaning of a Complaint
• Justified and Unjustified Complaints
• Benefits of Resolving Complaints
• Consumer Redress

MEANING OF A COMPLAINT

A complaint is an expression of dissatisfaction with a behaviour, an activity, a product or a service which can be oral or written, justified or unjustified. Consumers may express dissatisfaction with a product or a service and this may be in order to get compensation.

JUSTIFIED AND UNJUSTIFIED COMPLAINTS

A complaint is justified where such complaint has a good defendable basis. For instance, a consumer may order for a particular product, pay for the products, take the product home for use only to find out that such product does not perform to expectation. The consumer is justified to make a complaint provided he/she has followed the instruction given on the use of the product.

On the other hand an unjustified complaint is a complaintthat has no fair basis for redress. For instance a customer who has bought a blender and does not enjoy the use of the blender may not have a good basis for making a complaint where he/she has handled the equipment poorly or he/she has not followed the user’s manual.

STEPS TO LODGING A COMPLAINT

It is necessary that complaint be made as soon as dissatisfaction is noticed. Hence, whenever a consumer has a complaint about a product or a service, he/she can call a company’s number dedicated to receiving complaints and talk about the problem to a representative of the organization offering the service. Such problem discussed on phone can be dealt with on spot.

Also, the company may have designated hours for addressing customers’ complaints. For instance, Monday to Friday{ 9 a,m to 12 p.m}. A complaint can be made by e-mail, where a link is selectedand the complaint is made. A complaint could be made by writing a letter. Here the letter is addressed appropriately to the organization. The response to the complaint may be immediate, depending on the nature of the complaint.

FORMATS OF COMPLAINTS

The different formats of presenting complaints are:

• In large prints
• In audio tape
• Define a complaint
• Distinguish between justified and unjustified complaints

BENEFITS OF RESOLVING COMPLAINTS

• It offers opportunity to examine and put right weaknesses found in a product or the delivery of a service.
• It engenders a happier consumer base thereby improving customer loyalty.
• It leads to reduction in administrative costs since there will be no need reporting complaints which have earlier been resolved within a business day
• It leads to reduction in follow up correspondence and requirements
• Define consumer complaint.
• State the types of consumer complaint.

WABP Business Studies  JSS3 by EgbeEhiametalor et al, pages 71 to 77

• State the means of making payment.
• A complaint can be oral or writtena. True   b. False
• An expression of dissatisfaction is called ___ a. redress    b. complaint   c banning of product.
• A complaint that has a defendable basis is known as___ complaint.                                 a. wholesome    b. clean   c. justified   d. unjustified.
• Resolving complaints brings the following benefits EXCEPT ___ a. engendering a happier customer b. improving customer loyalty  c. increasing customers’ complaint    d. creating opportunity to examine a product.
• Which of the following agencies protects consumers?  a. EFCC   b. INEC                   c. NAFDAC   d. NECO
• What is a complaint?
• Explain the following: i. justified complaint    ii. Unjustified complaint.
• List the steps to take when making a complaint

TOPIC: HOW TO SEEK REDRESS

• Meaning of consumer right and redress
• Ways of seeking redress
• Benefit of providing redress

Consumer rights are the benefits which consumers must enjoy from the purchase of goods and services.

ORIGIN OF CONSUMERISM

Consumerism can be defined as the organized efforts of consumers to protect themselves against unfair practices of businessmen.

Consumerism came into existence when a movement started in the 1960s to obtain a greater say in the quality of the products they bought and the information they received from the sellers.They also sought to increase their influence, power and rights. This is the whole essence of the theory of consumerism.

EIGHT UNIVERSAL CONSUMER RIGHTS

• They have the right to choose between alternatives.
• Consumers have the right to good things of life.
• They have the right to safety.
• The consumers also have the right to be heard.
• They have the right to be informed.
• Consumers have the right to seek redress to correct any injustice.
• Consumers have the right to get value for money.
• They have the right to live in a healthy environment

Mention the eight universal consumer rights.

WAYS BY WHICH CONSUMERS CAN BE PROTECTED

• Formation of consumer associations to test whether items are of good quality or not and to make recommendations.
• There should be Foods and Drugs Act to see to it that all consumable items have expiry dates.
• Price control measures should be put in place to curb any arbitrary price increases.
• All advertisements should be censored before being shown on the screens.
• There should be Sales of Goods Act to ensure that quality goods are sold to consumers.
• There should be weight and measures Act to ensure that goods are sold in the right quantity as well as trade description.       
• What is consumerism?
• Mention four ways by which consumers rights can be protected.

CONSUMER REDRESS

Consumer redress is the act of setting right a wrong that has been done to a consumer over a product bought or service rendered. A consumer can seek redress through the law court. The rights of redress can be any of the following.

• Criminal redress: This means initiating criminal proceedings against any persons involved in the adulteration or mislabeling of various regulated foods and drugs
• Civil redress: This is when the consumer of a product institutes a civil action against  its producers or sellers particularly where the regulatory agencies cannot compensate the victims  of unsafe or unwholesome products that are regulated by agencies like NAFDAC, SON and  CPC.
• Regulatory/Administrative redress: Consumers can seek redress through any of regulatory bodies like CPC or SON which have the mandate to regulate the product or service which they have a complaint on. For instance, a consumer who bought a faulty iron with a warranty from a known company may return it . But where such return is not accepted, then the customer can meet the regulatory bodies such as SON which can take up the issue and enforce the warranty and make the company give the consumer a new iron.

STEPS IN SEEKING REDRESS         

• Reporting any complaint as soon as possible.
• Give names,addresses and phone number of persons or companies including your name, address and phone number.
• State the problem with full description of the products and its identification marks.
• Indicate the name address of store of the purchase and date of purchase (possibly attaching  photocopy of receipt).
• Forward the letter of complaint to the manufacturer or distributor whose address is on the label of the product bought.

BENEFITS OF PROVIDING REDRESS

• The consumer is happy that he/she has been listened to and that the problem has been solved.
• The intervening regulatory agency will be seen as efficient and this will add to their experience in resolving consumer complaints.
• It improves the public relation profile of the company.
• It eliminates litigation on issues when redress is provided immediately for complaints.
• It allows for more research and development leading to the growth of the company
• What is consumer redress?
• State three steps to follow in seeking consumer redress

BANNING AND RESTRICTING CHEMICALS NOT SUITABLE FOR USE

Nigeria is a signatory to the international drug, food and chemical control treaties. Hence, chemicals are banned internally and locally when such chemicals are discovered to be harmful or hazardous to human health: moreso, if there are safe alternatives.  To ban something means to prohibit or bar it. Banned chemicals should not be imported into the country. It is against the law for an individual or a company to be in possession of banned chemicals.

On the other hand, to restrict something meansto make something not easily available. There are chemicals which are not banned but are restricted. This means the use of such chemicals are controlled for some reasons as there are likelihood of turning them into hard drugs or chemical weapons. Restricted chemicals will require special permit to import and clear them.

However chemicals are banned and restricted where:

• they are fatal if inhaled or ingested.
• they cause irritation to eyes, nose, throat, rashes to skin, vomiting and diarrhea.
• they produce fumes which may cause lung cancer.
• they destroy red blood cells.
• they cause birth defects in unborn babies.
• they affect neurological cells.
• they affect the hormones.

PROCEDURES FOR BANNING AND RESTRICTING CHEMICALS NOT SUITABLE FOR USE

Nigeria is a signatory to Prior Informed Consent (PIC), which gives information on banned and restricted chemicals. Whenever scientific finding states that a certain chemical is harmful, a country belonging to the PIC bans and restrict such chemicals, following these procedures.

• A notice is sent to the international PIC secretariat that a chemical has been discovered to be harmful.
• The secretariat makes further enquiries to verify the information.
• A summary of the information gathered is forwarded to all members of the PIC convention.
• When the PIC secretatriat receives response from one or two countries, it sends it to its chemical review committee.
• The PIC later sends its recommendations to the conference of its members countries.
•  Once the countries have accepted the banning or restricting  of the chemical, this is circulated with reasons for the action taken.
• State two reasons for banning chemicals not suitable for use.
• List the procedures for banning and restricting chemicals not suitable for use.
• What is a commercial bank?
• State four functions of commercial bank.
• Define a cheque.
• Give four reasons why a cheque can be dishonoured.
• Describe a stalecheque.
• The act of putting right the wrong that has been done is called__  a. redress   b. complaint c. restricting     d. accommodation.
• One of the following is not a consumer right.   a. right to choose   b. right to safety    c. right to credit facility    d. right to be informed
• All of the following are reasons for banning chemicals EXCEPT ___ a. when they affect red blood cell   b. when they affect hormones   c. when they improve human health  d. when they affect neurological cells.
• The full meaning of PIC is ___  a. People s’ Interest Committee  b. Personal Interest Council  c. Prior Informed Consent   d. Procedural information Council.
• Consumers can seek redress through the following agencies EXCEPT ___a. CPC   b. NAFDAC    c.  SON    d. NDLEA.
• Explain the following.
• criminal redress
• Civil redress
• adminstrative redress.
• Give three ways by which consumer rights can be protected.

FIRST TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR CULTURAL AND CREATIVE ARTS JSS2 (BASIC 8)

Crs exam questions for jss3 first term, changes in plant, first term scheme of work for food and nutrition ss1.

Lesson Note on Agricultural…

THIRD TERM SCHEME OF…

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