what's a phd in nursing

DNP vs. Ph.D. in Nursing: What’s the Difference?

• DNP vs. PH.D. Nursing Compared

Duties and Responsibilities

• Education and Certification

Salary and Career Outlook

• Which Is Best?

Are you ready to earn your online nursing degree?

Nurses who have already earned a masters degree and are looking to pursue the next step in their education have two options: doctor of nursing practice (DNP) and doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) in nursing.

Both degrees offer nurses a variety of professional opportunities, allowing them to utilize their expertise to benefit the field of nursing.

This guide outlines the differences in earning a DNP vs. a Ph.D. in nursing, and what opportunities lay ahead for graduates of either program. In understanding the roles and responsibilities of each, nurses can determine which degree is right for them.

DNP and Ph.D. in Nursing Key Similarities and Differences

A DNP and Ph.D. are both terminal degrees, meaning they are the highest degree a nurse can earn. Regardless of their choice of program, interested nurses need a bachelor of science (BSN) degree in nursing, an active and unencumbered registered nurse (RN) license, and clinical experience before gaining admittance to either doctorate program.

While a DNP and Ph.D. are both advanced degrees, they prepare nurses for different roles within the nursing field. DNP programs focus on educating nurses who want to pursue leadership roles in a clinical setting. Ph.D. programs provide nurses with an education to pursue academic or research-based positions.

What is a DNP?

A DNP is an advanced degree for nurses who want to become experts in clinical nursing. The degree is an alternative to research-centric doctoral programs, and provides nurses with skills and training to work at an advanced level in the nursing field.

What is a Ph.D. in Nursing?

Earning a Ph.D. in nursing prepares graduates for work either in academia or research settings. Graduates often pursue faculty positions with academic institutions or in a career that involves performing research in a medical laboratory.

Source: Payscale

Popular DNP Programs

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.

The roles of a nurse with a DNP vs. a Ph.D. in nursing are fundamentally different. The former focuses on clinical work, whereas the latter is geared more toward research and education.

Their duties revolve around those two major areas. As such, DNPs are more likely to work with patients, while Ph.D graduates focus on educating nurses and analyzing medical practices.

What Can You Do With a DNP?

Nurses with a DNP are considered expert clinicians who are prepared for the highest level of nursing practice.

Upon earning the degree, nurses can choose to focus on leadership and administrative roles (e.g., nurse administrator, public health, healthcare policy, informatics) nursing education (e.g.,clinical nurse specialist, nurse educator), or clinical care (e.g.,certified registered nurse anesthetist, nurse practitioner).

After earning a DNP, nurses’ responsibilities may include:

• Diagnose and treat patients
• Prescribe medications
• Order various diagnostic tests
• Handle patient complains
• Consult on complex cases
• Implement policy changes

Keep in mind that some DNP programs are for roles (clinical nurse specialist, nurse educator) that will not have authorization to perform some of the above responsibilities.

What Can You Do With a Ph.D. in Nursing?

Nurses with a Ph.D. often focus on the areas of education and research. They may design studies and conduct research on clinical practices, nursing education, health systems, and public policy.

People with a Ph.D. in nursing often find employment in academic, business, or governmental settings. Overall, nurses with a Ph.D.can:

• Design, conduct, and publish research
• Develop new nursing knowledge and methods
• Utilize research results to improve nursing outcomes
• Write proposals and apply for grants to fund research
• Mentor and advise students
• Compose curriculum for nursing courses

Education Prerequisites

When looking to earn either a DNP or Ph.D., most programs require applicants to have similar prerequisites. Institutions often look for candidates who have attained an undergraduate degree, are actively able to practice nursing, and can meet certain academic requirements.

How to Earn a DNP

To apply for a DNP degree program, candidates need a BSN or master of science in nursing (MSN) from an accredited institution, a GPA of at least 3.0, and an active nursing license.

Once enrolled, students can choose an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) role such as clinical nurse practitioner (CNP), clinical nurse specialist (CNS), certified nurse-midwife (CNM), or certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA).

CNPs and CNSs then choose a population focus (i.e., neonatal, pediatrics, womens health, psychiatric-mental health). DNP candidates often focus on a research or capstone project throughout their entire program.

The program can last 2-4 years, and full-time students are able to earn their degree faster than their part-time counterparts. Students participate in courses on informatics, health policy, healthcare delivery systems, evidence-based practice, and project management.

Learners must also complete a total of 1,000 clinical hours, 500 of which can stem from a previous masters program that resulted in national certification. Learners with previous hours may become more common as some programs, like CRNA, transition from MSN to DNP-only.

How to Earn a Ph.D. in Nursing

To get accepted to a Ph.D. program, candidates need a BSN or MSN from an accredited program, a 3.0 to 3.5 minimum GPA, and an active nursing license. Applicants must also provide a CV or resume, professional references, and a personal statement.

The length of a Ph.D. program ranges from 4-6 years depending on the status of the student (full-time vs. part-time). The curriculum revolves around theory, analysis, and statistics, with students taking classes in grant writing, research design, and research methods. Since their work takes place within education and research, Ph.D. candidates are not required to complete clinical hours.

Upon program completion, DNP and Ph.D. graduates may benefit from a higher earning potential. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects a steady need over the next decade for nurses with advanced training.

Ultimately, degree type, specialization, and population focus dictate the average annual salary and the type of demand nurses should anticipate.

$107,000 Average Annual DNP Salary

$99,000 Average Annual Ph.D. in Nursing Salary

DNP in Nursing Salary and Career Outlook

While the average salary of nurses with DNPs is approximately $107,000, their chosen specialization impacts their earning potential and demand. DNP-holders working a CRNAs average $164,340 per year, according to July 2022 Payscale data, while those who work in pediatrics earn $92,030 .

Not only do CRNAs earn the highest average salary, but they are also one of the most in-demand specializations; the BLS projects a job growth rate of 45%, significantly higher than the 9% average for all other professions.

Another main factor that influences DNP earning potential is years of experience. Entry-level nurses earn an average annual salary of approximately $87,000 , according to July 2022 Payscale data. Whereas those with more than 20 years of experience can earn upwards of $187,000 depending upon the specialization.

Ph.D. in Nursing Salary and Career Outlook

Much like nurses with a DNP, the salary of one with a Ph.D. varies based on focus. According to the BLS , nurse educators with a Ph.D. can receive upwards of $125,930 annually.

While all nurses with advanced degrees continue to be in demand, Ph.D. graduates who choose to become educators can especially benefit from this need. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing , nursing schools had to turn away over 80,000 qualified applicants in 2019 due to the shortage of educators.

Many states are looking to provide incentives to nurses who choose to become educators, thereby increasing the benefit of selecting this role.

DNP vs. Ph.D. in Nursing: Which Degree is Right For Me?

Deciding which degree works best depends upon a nurse’s personal and professional goals. The degrees lead nurses down two fairly distinct paths – one clinical and one research-oriented.

DNP and Ph.D. graduates are both in high demand and have above-average earning potential. The degrees differ in time commitment and responsibilities.

Nurses who prefer to work in a clinical capacity either directly with patients or in a nursing leadership role should pursue a DNP. Graduates often find themselves in a variety of clinical settings, such as hospitals, specialty practices, or public health offices.

Learners more interested in preparing future nurses or conducting research that aids in the development of new and effective nursing methods should pursue a Ph.D. Nurse Ph.D. graduates often use their expertise in settings such as colleges and universities, research facilities, medical laboratories, and government agencies.

Related Pages

Why Get a Doctorate in Nursing (DNP)?

Graduating with a doctoral degree in nursing can advance careers, increase salaries, and lead to rewarding jobs. Learn why and how to become a DNP.

Online DNP Programs

Explore the top online DNP programs. Learn about on-campus requirements, accreditation, cost, and program length while choosing your next career.

Types of Nursing Degrees and Levels

Learn about the types of nursing degrees available and how to launch your career in this field. Explore in-demand job opportunities and earning potential.

Page last reviewed: May 6, 2022

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Home / Getting Your Ph.D. in Nursing

Getting Your Ph.D. in Nursing

Becoming a Ph.D. Nurse

What does a ph.d. nurse do, ph.d. nurse salary & employment, ph.d. vs. dnp in nursing, helpful organizations, societies, and agencies.

What Is a Ph.D. Nurse?

A Ph.D. nurse is one who has completed a Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing degree. A Ph.D., or doctoral degree, is the highest level of education a nurse can achieve. Different from a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree, which focuses on advanced clinical practice, a Ph.D. in Nursing program is a research and science-focused degree that prepares nurses for careers conducting important medical research that will advance the entire nursing profession and for teaching nursing at the college level.

In order to become a Ph.D. nurse, of course, nurses must complete a Ph.D. in nursing program, which generally takes 4 to 6 years to finish. An aspiring Ph.D. nurse must have a strong interest in conducting medical research and/or teaching future nurses. Strong leadership skills are also important, as many Ph.D. nurses go on to supervise and mentor other nurses, whether they work in scientific research, management, or teaching capacity.

What Are the Educational Requirements For a Ph.D. Nurse Program?

A Ph.D. in Nursing program is known as a terminal degree, meaning it is the highest level of education for the nursing profession (in addition to the DNP degree, another separate nursing doctorate program track). Prior to entering a Ph.D. program, nurses must complete a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree and pass the NCLEX-RN exam. In some cases, applicants to a Ph.D. in Nursing program must also complete a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, which provides advanced education in nursing practice with courses in pharmacology, pathophysiology, and clinical practice.

Educational Prerequisites

Specific requirements to complete a Ph.D. in Nursing program will vary slightly from school to school. Schools offer Ph.D. in Nursing programs in traditional classroom formats, as well as online and hybrid styles that combine in-person study with online coursework. In addition to a variety of formats for Ph.D. in Nursing programs, students can also sometimes opt to take these programs on a full-time or part-time basis to suit their personal schedules.

The curriculum for a Ph.D. in Nursing program is research-focused, with coursework in advanced scientific research principles, data analysis, and statistical measurement. Ph.D. programs generally culminate in a dissertation and original research project. As an example of Ph.D. curriculum, below is a selection of courses offered by the Medical University of South Carolina as part of their online Ph.D. in Nursing Science program:

• Advanced Quantitative Research Methods
• Qualitative Research Methods
• Advanced Statistical Methods for Nursing Research
• Advanced Study Design and Methods
• Advanced Health Policy & Advocacy
• Research Team Leadership

A Ph.D. nurse conducts scientific research that advances the nursing profession. The knowledge that Ph.D. nurses gather and present as a part of their scientific research powers positive change in the quality of patient care and outcomes in the entire nursing field. In addition to their role as nurse scientists, Ph.D. nurses also teach and mentor nurses at the college/university level, working to shape the next generation of nurses.

What Are the Roles and Duties of a Ph.D. Nurse?

The majority of Ph.D. nurses pursue careers in either the research or teaching fields, so their day-to-day duties will vary depending on which career track they have chosen.

For a nurse researcher , typical duties may include:

• Identify research questions, and design and conduct scientific research in partnership with other scientists from various fields
• Collect and analyze scientific data and publish reports detailing findings
• Write proposals and apply for grants to help fund their research
• Establish and maintain quality assurance programs to ensure the validity of their data findings
• Train and supervise laboratory staff and other nurses or scientists

For a Ph.D.  nurse educator who has chosen to pursue a faculty position, typical duties may include:

• Plan, prepare, and revise curriculum and study materials for nursing courses
• Deliver lectures to undergraduate and graduate level nursing students
• Supervise students' laboratory and clinical work
• Grade students' classwork, laboratory, and clinical performance
• Mentor and advise students regarding their future work in the nursing industry

For faculty members who pursue department chair or administration roles, additional duties may include:

• Hire, supervise and conduct performance reviews of faculty members
• Assist with the scheduling of classes and professors
• Oversee department curriculum and provide quality control as to the content and materials of given nursing courses

Workplace Settings

A Ph.D. nurse can work in a variety of settings, depending on the career path he or she has chosen. A Ph.D. nurse may find employment at a hospital, medical laboratory, research facility, or university as a research scientist, or may work at a nursing school, college, or university as a faculty member or department chair. In some cases, a Ph.D. nurse may also work as a public health nurse in a government setting, helping to develop research-based solutions to public health issues.

Salaries for Ph.D. nurses vary based on the type of employment a nurse seeks after graduation. Nurse researchers, a primary career path for Ph.D. nurses, can expect a median salary of $90,000 according to Payscale.com. For Ph.D. nurses who pursue a teaching position, the median annual wage for post-secondary nursing instructors is $77,440 according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics as of May 2021. Geographical location, career length, and experience level are all factors that can influence a Ph.D. nurse's annual salary.

The nursing profession as a whole has a particularly bright employment outlook, with the employment of registered nurses projected to grow 9 percent from 2020 to 2030 according to the BLS. In addition, a large number of healthcare facilities are looking for nursing professionals with higher degrees, which means the demand for Ph.D. and DNP level nurses will continue to grow. In fact, the Institute of Medicine 's 2015 "The Future of Nursing Report" emphasized the need for more Ph.D. level nurses.

As there are two doctorate-level nursing program types to choose from, there may be some confusion as to the differences between a Ph.D. nursing program and a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree. The primary difference between the two programs relates to nurses' career aspirations. A DNP program trains nurses to perform the highest level of nursing practice and to translate research into high-quality patient care, while a Ph.D. program prepares nurses to conduct cutting-edge research that will advance the science of nursing and patient care. In addition to research positions, a Ph.D. program prepares nurses for leadership and teaching positions at hospitals and colleges/universities. To simplify, a DNP is a nursing practice doctorate degree, while a Ph.D. is a research and teaching doctorate.

Other key differences between DNP and Ph.D. programs are curriculum and program length. A typical DNP program includes courses on advanced nursing practice, leadership, and management topics and requires patient care clinical hours as well as a final capstone project. A Ph.D. program includes coursework on research methodologies, data analysis, and healthcare leadership and policy, and requires students to complete original research and a dissertation. In general, a Ph.D. program takes longer to complete than a DNP program, with Ph.D. programs taking an average of 4 to 6 years to complete and a DNP program taking 3 to 4 years, but can be completed in as little as 2 years depending on the school and program chosen.

• American Association of Colleges of Nursing
• American Nurses Association
• International Association of Clinical Research Nurses
• National Institute of Nursing Research

Top PhD in Nursing Programs

What is a ph.d. in nursing.

• Ph.D. in Nursing vs DNP
• Types of Programs
• Top Programs
• Program Overview
• Is a Nursing Ph.D. For Me?

The Ph.D. in Nursing degree opens career opportunities for nurses as researchers, forging new and cutting-edge nursing practices for future generations. This article explores this terminal nursing degree, how to get it, and the top Ph.D. in Nursing programs.

A Ph.D. in Nursing is the highest degree awarded to nurses and one of two terminal nursing degrees. Ph.D. stands for Doctor of Philosophy, and Ph.D. in Nursing programs focus on evidence-based research.

Throughout their 4-6 year study, nursing Ph.D. students learn how to conduct, analyze, and publish nursing research. The degree culminates in students conducting an independent research project and writing a dissertation on it.

Ph.D. in Nursing and DNP Differences

A Ph.D. in Nursing and a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) are both terminal nursing degrees. However, comparing a  DNP vs. a Ph.D. in Nursing reveals distinct differences. Notably, the Ph.D. in Nursing prepares you for a science, academic, or research-focused career as opposed to a clinical one.

Key Ph.D. in Nursing vs. DNP Differences

>> Related:  Top Online DNP Programs

Types of Ph.D. in Nursing Programs

The United States is home to over 135 Ph.D. in Nursing programs, which you can attend in multiple formats at nearly every educational level. The types of Ph.D. in nursing programs include the following:

• BSN to Ph.D. in Nursing: These Ph.D. in nursing programs allow nurses with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree to pursue a career in nursing research without first attending an MSN program.
• MSN to Ph.D. in Nursing: Designed for Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) trained nurses, these programs typically include core courses for the doctoral program, electives, and dissertation study.
• DNP/Ph.D. Dual Degree: These rigorous programs allow students to concurrently attain expertise in scientific inquiry and faculty practice and hone the practical skills of expert nurse clinicians. 

>> Show Me DNP Programs

Online Ph.D. in Nursing Programs

Are Ph.D. in Nursing programs available online? The answer is yes; you can find several online options to pursue this degree. Since a Ph.D. in Nursing focuses on scientific inquiry, it doesn't have the same onsite practical hours as other nursing degrees. 

Program dependant, you may still need to show up on campus a few times each year. However, for the most part, all you need to earn a Ph.D. in nursing is Wi-Fi, good study habits, and determination.

Top Ph.D. in Nursing Programs

Each Ph.D. in Nursing program is unique, offering its own benefits and features. We assembled the top five Ph.D. in Nursing programs nationwide following Nurse.org's proprietary ranking algorithm , which considers and ranks schools based on factors like:

• Tuition costs
• Program length
• Nursing school accreditation
• Admission requirements
• The variety of available programs
• Additional program accolades

 1. University of Pennsylvania

• Program Cost:  $46,934 per academic year
• Program Length:  4-6 years
• Application Due Date: Dec. 1st

The University of Pennsylvania boasts one of the top Ph.D. in nursing programs nationwide. To offset the expensive tuition, the university offers full-time students stipends during their first four years. In exchange, students may work as Teaching Assistants within UPenn's School of Nursing for up to 16 hours a week. 

Contact UPenn about this program:

• Phone: (215) 898-4271
• Email: [email protected]

Source: University of Pennsylvania

2. Duke University

• Program Cost:  Fully funded (up to 5 years)
• Application Due Date: November 30th

In 2023, U.S. News & World Report named Duke University the second-best graduate school for nursing. Duke's Ph.D. in Nursing program prepares nurses to become stalwart scholars. Graduates will build nursing science by leading multidisciplinary research that determines the relationship between chronic illness and care systems.

Contact Duke University about this program:

• Phone: (919) 684-3786
• Email: Contact Request Form

Source: Duke University

3. Duquesne University

• Program Cost:  $1,765 per credit
• Program Length:  3-4 years
• Application Due Date:  February 1st

As the first fully online Ph.D. in Nursing program, Duquesne offers a highly flexible education option to many students nationwide. Additionally, students attending the program may get to study abroad at the Duquesne campus in Dublin, Ireland.  The 56-credit program culminates in a dissertation proposal and final defense in which students orally defend their research thesis to the dissertation committee.

Contact Duquesne University about this program:

• Phone: (412) 396-6219
• Email:  [email protected]

Source: Duquesne University

4. Columbia University

• Program Cost:  Fully funded (up to 3 years)
• Application Due Date:  November 15th

Ph.D. in Nursing student at Columbia choose one of three major areas to study, which include Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Science, Analytical Foundations of Nursing Science, and Electives and Applications. The programming heavily focuses on publication, grantsmanship, presentation, and networking. In addition to their coursework, students participate in research experience and training.

Contact Columbia University about this program:

• Phone: (212) 305-5756
• Email: [email protected]

Source: Columbia University

5. Rush University

• Program Cost:  $1,344 per credit hour
• Program Length:  3-5 years
• Application Due Date:  March 4th

Rush University's Ph.D. in Nursing is fully online except for an on-campus orientation and summer intensive learning sessions. The program focuses on preparing nurses and non-nurses with graduate degrees to become leaders in clinical research and educators who influence healthcare policy. While many students keep working throughout the program, they often must take fewer hours while completing their dissertation.

Contact Rush University about this program:

• Phone : (312) 942-7100
• Email: [email protected]

Source: Rush University

What to Expect in a Ph.D. in Nursing Program

Nursing Ph.D. degrees focus on scholarship and nursing research. By the end of the course, you'll be able to conduct and publish evidence-based research that can alter the face of nursing practice and healthcare policy for future generations. 

Generally, these educational pathways combine graduate study and research activities and do not include clinical rotations. Instead, you will be required to complete a long-form research paper called a dissertation. To write your dissertation, you'll complete independent research based on a significant and relevant scientific inquiry in the nursing field. 

>> Related: The Best Nursing Research Topics

What Can You Do With a Ph.D. in Nursing?

Ph.D. in Nursing programs prepare graduates to pursue careers in research and teaching, advanced clinical practice, health care administration, and policy.  Following graduation, your future may hold a career as a nurse scientist, as an administrator, as a nurse educator, or in establishing health policy.

Ph.D. in Nursing Salary

Healthcare workers who hold a Ph.D. in nursing earn an average annual salary of $100,00 or $60.45 per hour , according to Payscale . However, your nursing salary will vary depending on your career, employer, location, experience, and other relevant factors.

How Much Does a Ph.D. in Nursing Degree Cost?

Ph.D. in nursing programs range from $400 to over $2,300 per credit hour at more distinguished institutions. However, several universities will fund your Ph.D. tuition itself or through a federal research grant. Most often, these funding opportunities are only available to full-time students, while part-timers must pay the full tuition costs.

How Long Do PhD in Nursing Programs Take?

Most Ph.D. in nursing programs take between 4-6 years to complete. Your educational timeline will vary based on your previous education and whether you attend full or part-time.

What Will You Learn in a PhD in Nursing Program?

Since all Ph.D. degrees in nursing emphasize healthcare research, their curriculums will all share certain core elements, which include:

• The philosophical and historical foundations of nursing knowledge
• Review of existing and evolving nursing theory
• Methods and process of developing theory
• Research methodology and data management
• Academic, research, practice, and policy development

Your graduate nursing program will consist of several key milestones to reinforce your education. These include:

• Leadership strategies related to nursing, healthcare, and research
• Mentorship and working alongside faculty on their individual research programs
• Immersion experiences are designed to encourage leadership and scholarship.
• Each student will be required to complete a dissertation.

Ph.D. in Nursing Program Requirements

Each university sets its own entry standards, which vary based on the type of program . However, general Ph.D. in nursing admission requirements include the following:

• BSN, MSN, or non-nursing graduate degree
• Personal research statement
• A minimum GPA of 3.0
• Admissions interview
• Writing sample
• Resume or curriculum vitae
• Letters of recommendation
• Unencumbered RN license
• Official post-secondary school transcripts
• TOEFL or IELTS scores

Is a Ph.D. in Nursing Degree Right for Me?

Your professional goals play a massive role in deciding whether to pursue a Ph.D. in nursing. If you're interested in scientific and academic nursing research, healthcare policy, or becoming a nurse educator, a Ph.D. in nursing is an excellent option. Remember, it will not qualify you for APRN positions, so if you have clinical aspirations, a DNP is the right doctoral nursing option.

Next Steps to Enroll in a PhD in Nursing Degree Program

Ready to start your educational journey toward earning a Ph.D. in Nursing? You can start working toward those goals today with these simple steps:

• Research Universities: Find a program that suits you based on your budget, attendance needs (e.g., part vs. full-time and in-person vs. online), and interests.
• Plan Applications: Understand the program requirements and application deadlines for each school you're applying to. Then, make a plan to collect and submit all the necessary materials and documentation on time.
• Prepare Properly: If a university considers you for Ph.D. candidacy, you'll attend an admissions interview. Planning and practicing this interview and paying close attention to why you chose the program and your research interests will optimize your chances of admission.

Popular Online Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Programs

Georgetown University is one of the world’s leading academic and research institutions, and the School of Nursing has been delivering graduate nursing programs in a distance-learning environment since 2011. Georgetown's online programs allow students to learn from wherever they are while they pursue an accredited, mission-driven nursing education that will allow them to deliver high-quality care.

Enrollment: Nationwide, excluding NY and WA.

• DNP - Family NP
• DNP - Adult-Gerontology Acute Care NP
• DNP - Women's Health NP
• DNP - Nurse-Midwifery/Women's Health NP

GCU's College of Nursing and Health Care Professions has a nearly 35-year tradition of preparing students to fill evolving healthcare roles as highly qualified professionals.

Enrollment: Nationwide

• DNP - Educational Leadership

Earn your nursing degree from one of the largest nursing education providers in the U.S. Walden University’s BSN, MSN, post-master’s APRN certificate, and DNP programs are accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE). Get enhanced practicum support with our Practicum Pledge.

Enrollment: Nationwide, excluding NY, RI and CT. Certain programs have additional state restrictions. Check with Walden for details.

• PhD - Nursing

The CCNE-accredited online DNP program from Simmons University will prepare you to advance to the highest level of professional nursing practice — and to drive meaningful change in health care as a nurse leader. Learn from experienced professors-of-practice and join a legacy of more than 100 years developing nursing leadership and excellence by completing your DNP on a part-time basis over seven 14-week terms.

Plus, get exclusive access to discounts for nurses, stay informed on the latest nurse news, and learn how to take the next steps in your career.

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DNP VS. Ph.D. - 12 Key Differences Between DNP And Ph.D. In Nursing

Nursing is one of the few professions that’s associated with two different terminal degrees: the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) and the Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (Ph.D.). The former degree is a clinical doctorate designed for advanced practice nurses who are actively working to improve healthcare outcomes in medical settings and who are championing the leadership role that nurses play in bringing about those outcomes. The latter degree is a research-focused doctorate designed to advance the science behind nursing practice. As of 2019, 40,271 nurses in the U.S. held DNP degrees according to statistics generated by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing while 6,994 nurses held Ph.D.s in nursing. If you’re an advanced practice nurse who’s interested in reaching the highest echelons of your profession, the DNP vs. Ph.D. in nursing quandary may be one you find yourself thinking about frequently. Keep reading to discover 12 key differences between DNP and Ph.D. in nursing.

What is a DNP Degree?

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PhD Education

Find Programs

There is no doubt that education is the path for a nurse to achieve greater clinical expertise. At the same time, however, the nursing profession needs more nurses educated at the doctoral level to replenish the supply of faculty and researchers. The national shortage of faculty will soon reach critical proportions, having a significant impact on educational programs and their capacity to educate future generations of nursing students.

Although the number of doctorate programs has continued to increase, the total enrollment of students in these programs has remained fairly constant, resulting in a shortage of newly minted PhDs to renew faculty ranks.  As a result, approximately 50% of nursing faculty possess the doctorate as a terminal degree. Furthermore, with many advances being made in the treatment of chronic illnesses, there is a continuing need for research that assists patients in living with their illness.  This research requires individual investigators who are prepared on the doctoral level.

One reason there is a lack of nurses prepared at the doctoral level is that, compared with other professions, nurses have more interruptions in their careers. Many in the profession are females who work as nurses while fulfilling responsibilities as wives and mothers.  As a result, many pursue their education on a part-time basis. Also, the nursing profession traditionally has viewed clinical experience as being a prerequisite to graduate education. This career path results in fewer individuals completing the doctorate at an earlier stage in their career, thereby truncating their productivity as academics, researchers, and administrators. To reverse this trend, many nursing schools have developed programs that admit students into graduate (doctorate and master's) programs directly from their undergraduate or master's programs.

Nursing Research

When nurses do research for their doctorates, many people tend to think that it focuses primarily on nurses and nursing care. In reality, nurses carry out clinical research in a variety of areas, such as diabetes care, cancer care, and eating disorders. 

In the last thirty years, advances in medicine have involved, for the most part, advancing treatment not cures. In other words, no cure for the illness has been discovered, but treatment for that illness has improved. However, sometimes the treatment itself causes problems for patients, such as the unwelcome side effects of chemotherapy. Nurses have opportunities to devise solutions to problems like these through research, such as studies on how to manage the illness and its treatment, thereby allowing individuals to lead happy and productive lives.

The Curricula

Doctoral programs in nursing are aimed at preparing students for careers in health administration, education, clinical research, and advanced clinical practice. Basically, doctoral programs prepare nurses to be experts within the profession, prepared to assume leadership roles in a variety of academic and clinical settings, course work and research, students are trained as researchers and scholars to tackle complex health-care questions. Program emphasis may vary from a focus on health education to a concentration on policy research. The majority of doctoral programs confer the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree, but some award the Doctor of Nursing Science (DNS), and the Doctor of Education (EdD).

Doctoral nursing programs traditionally offer courses on the history and philosophy of nursing and the development and testing of nursing and other healthcare techniques, as well as the social, economic, political, and ethical issues important to the field. Data management and research methodology are also areas of instruction. Students are expected to work individually on research projects and complete a dissertation.

Doctoral programs allow study on a full- or part-time basis. For graduate students who are employed and therefore seek flexibility in their schedules, many programs offer courses on weekends and in the evenings.

Admission Requirements

Admission requirements for doctoral programs vary. Generally, a master's degree is necessary, but in some schools a master's degree is completed in conjunction with fulfillment of the doctoral degree requirements. Standard requirements include an RN license, Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) scores, college transcripts, letters of recommendation, and an essay. Students applying for doctoral-level study should have a solid foundation in nursing and an interest in research. Programs are usually the equivalent of three to five years of full-time study.

Selecting a Doctoral Program

Selecting a doctoral program comes down to personal choice. Students work closely with professors, and, thus, the support and mentoring you receive while pursuing your degree is as vital as the quality of the facilities. The most important question is whether there is a "match" between your research interest and faculty research. Many of the same questions you would ask about baccalaureate and master's degree programs apply to doctoral programs. However, in a doctoral program, the contact with professors, the use of research equipment and facilities, and the program's flexibility in allowing you to choose your course of study are critical.

Some questions to consider asking include: Are there opportunities to present research findings at professional meetings? Is scholarship of faculty, alumni, and students presented at regional and national nursing meetings and subsequently published? Has the body of research done at a university enhanced the knowledge of nursing and health care?

Other questions to consider include: Does the university consider research a priority? Does the university have adequate funding for student research? Many nurses with doctorate degrees make the natural transition into an academic career, but there are many other career options available for nurses prepared at this level. For example, nurses prepared at the doctoral level are often hired by large consulting firms to work with others in designing solutions to health-care delivery problems. Others are hired by large hospital chains to manage various divisions, and some nurses with doctorate degrees are hired to manage complex healthcare systems at the executive level. On another front, they conduct research and formulate national and international healthcare policy. In short, because of the high level of education and a shortage of nurses prepared at this level, there are a number of options.

Salaries are related to the various positions.  Faculty salaries vary by the type of institution and by faculty rank, typically ranging from approximately $80,000 at the assistant professor level to over $115,000 at the professor level.  Salaries of nurse executives also vary, with the lowest salaries being in small rural hospitals and the highest being in complex university medical centers. Consultant salaries are wide ranging but often consist of a base plus some percentage of work contracted. Clinical and research positions vary considerably by the type of institution and the nature of the work.  Needless to say, a doctoral education does provide individuals with a wide range of opportunities, with salaries commensurate with the type and level of responsibilities. 

Online Nursing Doctorate [Ph.D.] Program Guide

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A doctorate in nursing is the terminal degree in the field and comes in two forms: a doctor of nursing practice (DNP) and a doctor of philosophy in nursing (Ph.D.). Compared to the more clinical DNP, a nursing Ph.D. focuses more on research, education, and policy. In this guide, we examine online nursing Ph.D. programs in more detail, delving into common career options for graduates and the best individual programs.

The typical nursing Ph.D. program lasts 4-6 years. Online learners may save time and money by taking advantage of reduced travel requirements and more flexible scheduling. Prospective students can follow multiple pathways to a doctorate in nursing, and graduates enjoy strong and varied career prospects.

The demand for nursing leaders and advanced nursing positions is high. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects the addition of over 120,000 advanced practice nursing positions between 2020 and 2030. According to the American Organization for Nursing Leadership (AONL), the majority of nursing leaders earn $90,000-$169,999 per year.

What Is an Online Nursing Ph.D. Program?

An online nursing Ph.D. equips students with the skills and training needed to improve patient care, healthcare systems, and/or healthcare education. Students learn to research and develop theories and scholarship related to nursing practice and policy.

A nursing Ph.D differs from a DNP program in that the former focuses more on research and education while the latter focuses more on leadership and advanced clinical practice.

Why Get a Nursing Ph.D. Online?

Pursuing a nursing Ph.D. online prepares graduates for many advanced research, teaching, and leadership positions. A doctorate in nursing leads to some of the most lucrative and in-demand positions in healthcare.

Between 2020 and 2030, the BLS projects 22% job growth for nursing professors. These professionals earned a median annual wage of $75,470 , as of May 2020.

What Can I Expect From an Online Nursing Ph.D. Program?

An online doctorate in nursing may appeal to aspiring nursing professors, researchers, and healthcare leaders. In addition to developing research and leadership skills, learners can hone their communication and critical thinking abilities in these programs. Online Ph.D. students learn to tackle major issues in healthcare while balancing work, teaching, and home life.

Most programs require 45-60 credits of coursework and take 4-6 years to complete. While curricula and requirements vary by program, students may need to complete teaching and lab assignments on top of extensive research demands.

A doctorate in nursing can also help learners develop specialties through research and concentrated training. While many programs do not offer formal specializations, students may encounter the following options:

• Nurse Educator
• Public Health
• Nursing Leadership
• Nursing Informatics

Types of Nursing Ph.D. Programs

Rn/adn-to-ph.d..

While there are few, if any, RN- or ADN-to-Ph.D. pathways, similar options may be available. For example, prospective students may enroll in an RN- or ADN-to-MSN program first. Graduating from this type of bridge program can then qualify graduates for Ph.D. programs.

BSN-to-Ph.D.

BSN-to-Ph.D. programs offer students an accelerated pathway to a doctorate in nursing. These programs have the advantage of focusing on research and advanced topics at an earlier stage.

MSN-to-Ph.D.

Most Ph.D. programs require applicants to hold a master’s degree. These degrees build on the advanced topics and research in MSN programs and usually take 4-6 years to complete. Students can develop their research interests and specializations in these programs.

What Courses Will I Take in an Online Doctorate in Nursing Program?

Health sciences research.

This course teaches students the methods and processes used in designing, conducting, and analyzing research in the health sciences. Covered topics may include literature searches and reviews, testing, and report writing. Students also examine major issues and developments in contemporary health sciences research.

Science in Healthcare

This class teaches students how to effectively use science in healthcare careers and research. Participants learn to capture information and translate it into useful applications for healthcare systems and practices. Learners may also explore ways of creating research questions based on the field’s needs.

Critical Perspectives in Healthcare

This course examines how various perspectives shape views and understanding of healthcare systems and practices. Learners delve into major issues in the field, such as race and gender, resource allocation, and politics. Students look at the ways in which these perspectives impact health outcomes.

Foundations in Clinical Research

This course teaches students to produce high-quality research, covering project design, evidence collection, and analysis and translation of findings. Covered topics may include epidemiology and biostatistics — two major career pathways for researchers.

Measurement and Statistics in Healthcare Research

This course equips learners with the skills needed to collect, measure, and analyze quantitative data in health research. Learners train with new technologies in the field and develop an understanding of various applications of healthcare data. Covered topics may include sample selection and scale performance.

Related Programs That Might Interest You

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.

What Are the Admission Requirements for an Online Doctorate in Nursing Program?

Admission requirements for a doctorate in nursing vary by school and program. RN licensure is likely required at this level, and most Ph.D. programs require applicants to possess an MSN degree. However, BSN-to-Ph.D. pathways accept BSN graduates, and some traditional Ph.D. programs accept BSN graduates who have an MBA or a health-related master’s degree.

Doctoral programs in nursing may also require prospective students to complete relevant prerequisites in health policy and basic sciences. Read on to learn about other common requirements.

Test Scores

Graduate schools may require applicants to submit GRE scores. While the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many schools dropping this requirement, prospective students may still want to engage in GRE prep to boost their scores and improve their chances of admission.

Letters of Recommendation

Most programs require some form of recommendation letter. These typically come from former employers and professors who can vouch for the applicant’s abilities and program readiness. Most schools require 1-3letters.

Most graduate programs ask applicants to submit a resume and cover letter . While an online nursing Ph.D. program may not require a certain amount of nursing experience, experience is necessary for many programs. Schools typically ask for resumes to learn more about an applicant’s professional history.

Essays for an online doctorate in nursing program typically focus more on an applicant’s future goals than their past accomplishments. While these essays may address the applicant’s personal journey, they should concentrate on their research interests and how those align with the school and program.

Official Transcripts

All schools require official transcripts. These records show how well an applicant has performed in the past, which courses they took, and which courses they may still need to take. Transcripts also speak to a student’s educational journey and can lead to transfer credits.

Still Looking for the Right Fit? Discover Similar Programs.

What can i do with an online nursing ph.d., career outlook.

An aging population and a growing need for more medical services has created large demand in the healthcare field. In turn, this demand has created a need for more educators, leaders, and researchers. The World Health Organization projects that the global healthcare industry will be short 18 million workers by 2030.

While many healthcare jobs are competitive, the growing field and shortage of qualified professionals should create an attractive job market for graduates with a nursing Ph.D. The BLS projects strong growth for many of the leading career pathways between 2020 and 2030, including postsecondary nursing teachers (22% growth), medical scientists (17% growth), and advanced practice nurses (45% growth).

As such, graduates can pursue several professions that feature excellent outlook in terms of growth and salary potential. While salaries vary considerably by position, the median annual wage for nursing professors was $75,470 in May 2020 and over $250,000 for the top 10% of nursing leaders .

See where an online nursing Ph.D. can take you. Learn more about nursing careers.

Career Paths

Nursing professor.

Nursing professors work in colleges and universities and train the next generation of nurses and healthcare professionals. They develop curricula, run research projects, and publish their own scholarship and findings. They also provide guidance and support for students as they progress through their studies.

Median Annual Salary : $75,470 (May 2020)

Clinical Nurse Researcher

These nurse researchers may work for schools, government agencies, or private organizations. They identify research questions and conduct trials and tests. Researchers often work on a team and present their findings through publications and presentations.

Average Annual Salary : $72,450 (September 2021)

Director of Nursing

Directors of nursing supervise nursing teams and units, implement policies, and report to administrators. They may manage budgeting, along with handling patient and family communications when needed.

Average Annual Salary : $92,940 (September 2021)

Director of Nursing Research

Directors of nursing research manage research teams and activities. They may help design research strategies, provide support for team members, establish collaboration and publication processes, and help move findings into practice. Directors of nursing research also make connections with other organizations, faculties, and agencies who may benefit from their research.

Average Annual Salary : $88,130 (September 2021)

Chief Nursing Officer

Chief nursing officers oversee nursing activities and follow established hospital procedures, working to ensure the safety and comfort of patients. Their daily duties may include managing shifts and developing nursing plans and strategies.

Average Annual Salary : $134,600 (September 2021)

Nursing Not For You? Check Out These Related Careers.

Licenses and certifications.

All RNs and advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) need state licensure to practice, which requires a passing grade on a national certification exam. APRNs need at least a master’s degree. While individual state nursing boards handle licensure, APRN certification can come from the National Board of Certification and Recertification for Nurse Anesthetists , the American Midwifery Certification Board , or the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Board .

Online nursing Ph.D. graduates can also pursue specialty nursing certifications. These credentials are offered by various national organizations and provide certified professionals with a way to stand out from their peers and demonstrate specialized training and experience. While not typically required for employment, these credentials can improve a candidate’s career opportunities and earning potential.

A doctorate in nursing can meet the education requirements for most specialty certifications, though candidates without an advanced practice MSN may need additional education and experience in the field. Below are several available certifications for advanced nursing professionals:

• Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist
• Certified Nurse-Midwife
• Family Nurse Practitioner
• Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner
• Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner
• Acute Care Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
• Director of Nursing Services

Continuing Education

As the terminal degree in the field, an online doctorate in nursing rarely leads to another degree. Nevertheless, many graduates continue their education in various ways, including earning the continuing education credits needed to maintain licensure and certification. They may also pursue condensed graduate certificates to advance their training in a specific subdiscipline.

In some cases, Ph.D. graduates may want to pursue another healthcare doctorate degree, such as biomedical or pharmaceutical medicine.

How Do I Choose an Online Doctorate in Nursing Program?

Cost is one of the most important considerations when choosing a program for many students. According to the National Center for Education Statistics , the average cost of graduate tuition and fees was $12,171 per year at public schools and $25,929 per year at private schools during the 2018-2019 school year. When calculating price, learners should determine the true program cost by considering books, rent, and how online learning might reduce their travel expenses or out-of-state tuition rates.

Program Format

The right program features the appropriate format. Online learners can find asynchronous or synchronous delivery options, along with part-time and full-time schedules. Prospective students should align their work and home schedules with their study hours to create the best learning environment.

A school’s location can play a significant role, even for distance learners. Online students can look for out-of-state schools that offer in-state tuition rates, and they should identify potential on-campus or in-person requirements to ensure they can meet them.

Accreditation

When picking a school and program, prospective students should consider accreditation . Schools must hold regional accreditation for learners to gain access to federal aid. Additionally, nursing programs must also have programmatic accreditation to qualify graduates for licensure and employment. When researching programs, seek out accreditation from the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education or the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing .

Research Opportunities

Nursing Ph.D. students should consider their research interests when choosing a program. They should look at the school’s faculty members, ongoing research projects, and partnering organizations to identify the best landing spot for them. Online learners also need to understand how they can participate remotely or how they can attend campus for research purposes.

Student Support

Prospective learners should figure out what kind of student support services prospective schools offer. They can look to see if a school hosts a career services team, mentorship opportunities, alumni partnerships, and other types of academic and research support. They might also look at the student organizations and research facilities available.

Frequently Asked Questions About Online Nursing Ph.D. Programs

Is a ph.d. in nursing worth it.

A nursing Ph.D. can lead to the most advanced academic and leadership positions available to nursing professionals. In addition to traditional advanced nursing positions, graduates can pursue teaching, research, and director roles — positions that offer excellent growth and salary prospects.

How many years does it take to get a Ph.D. in nursing?

An online nursing Ph.D. usually takes 4-6 years to complete, though accelerated programs may shorten that timeline.

Are research nurses in high demand?

Despite a steady increase in the number of graduates with a nursing Ph.D., the American Association of Colleges of Nursing reports a shortage of doctoral graduates to fulfill demands in the industry. As the healthcare industry expands, more teachers and researchers are needed to investigate growing health concerns and educate the next generation of nurses.

How much money can I make with a nursing Ph.D.?

A doctorate in nursing can lead to high earnings. According to the BLS , the median annual wage for postsecondary teachers is around $80,000, with the top 10% earning more than $179,540 per year. Additionally, the top 10% of nursing leaders make more than $250,000 per year, according to AONL .

What are the highest-paying jobs with a doctorate in nursing?

According to AONL , system chief nursing executives make the most money among nursing leaders. Their survey found that more than 50% of these professionals earned over $300,000 per year. Additionally, more than 10% of non-system chief nursing executives made more than $300,000 annually.

Find the Tools You Need to Get Started on Your Degree

Reviewed by:.

As an assistant professor of nursing and entrepreneur with nearly 20 years of varied nursing experience, Brandy Gleason offers a unique perspective. She currently teaches in a prelicensure nursing program and coaches master’s students through their culminating projects.

Gleason brings additional expertise as a bedside nurse and nurse leader, having held past roles at the supervisory, managerial, and senior leadership levels. Her passion and area of research centers around coaching nurses and nursing students to build resilience and avoid burnout.

Gleason is also an avid change agent when it comes to creating environments and systems that contribute to the well-being of students and healthcare professionals.

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Earn Your Ph.D. in Nursing

What is a Ph.D. in Nursing?

The Ph.D. in nursing produces high-caliber nurse researchers and scientists who contribute cutting-edge discoveries to inform best practices in care delivery, administration, and nursing education nationwide. It is the peak academic credential for those pursuing a career in nurse academia or scientific investigation within healthcare.

Definition of a Ph.D. in Nursing

• A Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Nursing is the highest academic degree awarded in the field of nursing
• It is a research-focused doctoral program that prepares nurses to be scientists, scholars, and leaders in the discipline

The Significance of a Ph.D. in Nursing

• Advances nursing science and evidence-based practice through rigorous research
• Helps address pressing healthcare problems and improve patient outcomes
• Prepares nurse experts to serve in advanced specialty, research, faculty, and leadership roles
• Drives innovation in nursing education curriculum, policy development, and clinical systems
• Elevates the scholarly standing and strength of the nursing profession across clinical and academic environments

Ph.D. in Nursing vs. a DNP Degree

The Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) in Nursing and the DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice ) are two distinct terminal degrees in the field of nursing, each catering to different career aspirations and areas of focus within the profession. Here’s a breakdown of the key differences between the two and the career paths typically associated with each.

Key Differences Between a Ph.D. in Nursing and a DNP

Focus and Objective:

• Ph.D. in Nursing:  Primarily research-oriented, focusing on generating new knowledge and theories in nursing and healthcare. It prepares graduates to conduct independent research, analyze policy, and contribute to the academic foundation of nursing science.
• DNP:  Practice-oriented, focusing on applying research to clinical practice. It prepares nurses to implement the science developed by nurse researchers in clinical settings, improve systems of care, and measure patient outcomes.

Curriculum:

• Ph.D. in Nursing:  Emphasizes research methodologies, statistical analysis, and theoretical foundations. Students engage in dissertation work to contribute original research to the field.
• DNP:  Centers on clinical practice, leadership, policy, and quality improvement. DNP projects often focus on translating research into practice, evaluating interventions, or improving outcomes within specific patient populations or systems.

Duration and Coursework:

• Ph.D. in Nursing:  Typically requires more time than a DNP due to the extensive research and dissertation component. Programs can range from 4 to 6 years, depending on full-time or part-time study.
• DNP:  Programs can be completed in 1 to 3 years, depending on the candidate’s background and the program’s structure, with some requiring clinical hours for those not already holding an advanced practice nursing degree.

Ph.D. in Nursing

Career Paths

Ph.D. in Nursing:

• Academia:  Teaching at the university level, often in nursing programs, and conducting research.
• Research:  Leading research projects, working in research institutions, or for healthcare policy think tanks.
• Leadership:  High-level positions in nursing research organizations, governmental agencies, or nonprofit health organizations, focusing on policy development and implementation.
• Advanced Clinical Practice:  Serving in roles such as Nurse Practitioners (NPs), Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNS), Nurse Anesthetists, or Nurse Midwives, with a focus on applying evidence-based practice to improve patient outcomes.
• Healthcare Leadership and Administration:  Managing nursing departments, leading quality improvement initiatives, or holding executive positions in healthcare organizations.
• Policy and Advocacy:  Working with governmental agencies or non-profit organizations to develop, implement, and evaluate health policies affecting patient care and nursing practice.

Ultimately, the choice between a Ph.D. in Nursing and a DNP depends on your career goals, whether you are more inclined towards academic research and teaching (Ph.D.) or applying research to improve clinical practice, lead healthcare teams, and influence health policy (DNP).

Becoming a Ph.D. in Nursing

Becoming a Ph.D. in Nursing is a rigorous academic journey that prepares nurses for careers in research, academia, and leadership, focusing on the advancement of nursing science and healthcare. The path from a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) to a Ph.D. in Nursing involves several steps, each with its own set of prerequisites and decisions regarding enrollment status.

BSN to Ph.D. in Nursing: The Academic Journey

1. Earning a Bachelor’s Degree:

• The journey begins with obtaining a BSN. This foundational step provides the clinical skills and theoretical knowledge necessary for advanced study in nursing.

2. Gaining Clinical Experience (Optional but Recommended):

• While not always a requirement for Ph.D. programs, gaining practical nursing experience can enhance understanding of the healthcare system and inform future research interests.

3. Research Experience:

• Engaging in research activities during or after the BSN program can be beneficial. This experience can include working on research projects, attending workshops, and getting involved in academic publications.

4. Selecting a Program:

• Choose a Ph.D. program that aligns with your research interests and career goals. Consider faculty expertise, program curriculum, and available resources.

5. Master’s Degree (Optional):

• Some students may pursue a Master’s degree in nursing or a related field before entering a Ph.D. program, although many Ph.D. programs accept students directly from a BSN background and may offer a combined MSN-Ph.D. track.

Prerequisites for a Ph.D. in Nursing

1. Educational Background:

• A BSN or, in some cases, a Master’s degree in nursing or related field. Some programs allow direct entry from a BSN, while others require an MSN .

2. Academic Achievement:

• High undergraduate GPA, usually a minimum of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale.
• Completion of graduate-level statistics course is often required.
• Experience with research methodologies, data analysis, or involvement in research projects is highly recommended.

4. Letters of Recommendation:

• Letters from academic and professional references attesting to the applicant’s potential for doctoral study and research.

5. Statement of Purpose:

• A detailed essay outlining research interests, career goals, and reasons for pursuing a Ph.D. in Nursing.

6. GRE Scores:

• Some programs require Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores, although this requirement is increasingly being waived.

Full-time vs. Part-time Enrollment Options

Full-time Enrollment:

• Typically requires a commitment of 3-5 years.
• More intensive, allowing for quicker progression through the program.
• May offer more opportunities for funding, such as scholarships, fellowships, and assistantships.

Part-time Enrollment:

• Extends the duration of the program, often taking 5-7 years or more.
• Offers flexibility for students who need to work or fulfill other obligations.
• May limit access to certain funding opportunities.

Both full-time and part-time enrollment have their advantages and challenges. The choice depends on personal circumstances, financial considerations, and career objectives. Some students prefer the immersive experience and faster completion of full-time study, while others require the flexibility of part-time enrollment to balance academic, professional, and personal responsibilities.

PhD in Nursing Programs

When considering the best Ph.D. in Nursing programs globally, it’s essential to look at several factors, including the quality of research, faculty expertise, available resources, and the program’s reputation. While specific rankings can vary by publication and criteria, institutions known for their nursing and healthcare programs often stand out due to their contributions to research, policy, and practice in nursing.

Best Ph.D. in Nursing Programs Globally

Some of the top institutions known for their nursing Ph.D. programs include:

• Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing  (USA): Known for its research contributions and leadership in healthcare, offering a curriculum that emphasizes innovative research methodologies, evidence-based practice, and healthcare policy.
• University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing  (USA): Offers a research-intensive Ph.D. program focusing on improving healthcare across the lifespan, with faculty members leading in various fields of nursing science.
• University of Toronto Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing  (Canada): Recognized for its strong research programs, diverse specializations , and contributions to healthcare policy and practice.

These programs are renowned for their rigorous curriculum, research opportunities, and the ability to produce graduates who go on to become leaders in nursing research, education, and policy.

Online Ph.D. Programs in Nursing and Their Credibility

Online Ph.D. programs in Nursing have become increasingly popular, offering flexibility for working professionals. The credibility of these programs depends on their accreditation, faculty qualifications, and the institution’s reputation. Accredited online Ph.D. programs in Nursing provide education and research opportunities comparable to their on-campus counterparts. Key factors to consider include:

• Accreditation:  Ensure the program is accredited by a recognized accrediting body, such as the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) or the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) in the United States.
• Faculty Expertise:  Look for programs with experienced faculty involved in active research and with strong professional backgrounds in nursing.
• Resources and Support:  High-quality online programs offer access to digital libraries, research databases, and strong support systems for online students.

Specializations within Nursing Ph.D. Programs

Ph.D. in Nursing programs often offer specializations that allow students to focus on areas of interest within the field. These specializations can include:

• Nursing Informatics :  Focuses on the integration of nursing science with information management and analytical sciences to improve health outcomes.
• Psychiatric Nursing :  Concentrates on the care of patients with mental health issues, including research into psychiatric treatments and interventions.
• Anesthesia Nursing:  Although more commonly associated with Nurse Anesthesia programs (DNAP), some Ph.D. programs might focus on research in anesthesia practices and outcomes.
• Mental Health Nursing :  Involves research aimed at improving the mental health care system and outcomes for patients with mental health conditions.

Choosing a specialization depends on your career goals, research interests, and the healthcare needs you are most passionate about addressing. Each specialization offers a path to contribute significantly to the nursing profession and healthcare at large, whether through advancing clinical practice, shaping health policy, or improving educational methodologies.

Application Process

Applying for a Ph.D. in Nursing involves a detailed and often competitive process. Here’s a general guide on how to apply and fulfill the entrance requirements for these programs:

1. Research and Select Programs

• Identify Programs:  Begin by researching programs that align with your career goals and research interests. Consider factors such as faculty expertise, research facilities, funding opportunities, and program format (on-campus vs. online).
• Check Accreditation:  Ensure the program is accredited by a recognized accrediting body for nursing education, such as the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) or the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) in the U.S.

2. Fulfill Prerequisites

• Educational Background:  Most programs require applicants to have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) or a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN). Some programs offer BSN-to-Ph.D. tracks.
• Academic Records:  You’ll need to provide transcripts from all post-secondary institutions attended. A high GPA, usually above 3.0 on a 4.0 scale, is often required.
• Research Experience:  Engage in research activities, which can include working on research projects, publishing papers, or attending research workshops, to strengthen your application.
• Professional Experience:  While not always mandatory, relevant nursing or healthcare experience can enhance your application.

3. Prepare Application Materials

• Letters of Recommendation:  Obtain letters from academic and professional references who can attest to your potential for doctoral study and research.
• Statement of Purpose:  Write a compelling essay outlining your research interests, why you want to pursue a Ph.D. in Nursing, and why you’re applying to specific programs.
• Curriculum Vitae (CV):  Include your educational background, research experience, publications, professional experience, and any honors or awards.
• GRE Scores:  Some programs may require GRE scores, though this requirement is increasingly being waived. Check the specific requirements of each program.

4. Complete Application Forms

• Fill Out Applications:  Complete the application forms for each program you’re applying to. Pay attention to each program’s specific requirements and deadlines.
• Application Fee:  Be prepared to pay an application fee for each program.

5. Submit Applications

• Review Your Application:  Before submitting, double-check your application for completeness and accuracy.
• Submit Before Deadlines:  Ensure all parts of your application, including letters of recommendation and test scores (if required), are submitted before the program’s deadline.

6. Prepare for Interviews

• Some programs may invite applicants for interviews as part of the selection process. These interviews can be in-person or virtual. Prepare to discuss your research interests, professional goals, and how the program fits your career aspirations.

7. Follow Up

• After submitting your application, monitor your email and application portal for updates or requests for additional information.

Fulfilling Entrance Requirements

To fulfill the entrance requirements:

• Advance Planning:  Begin planning your application well in advance of deadlines. This includes researching programs, understanding prerequisites, and preparing application materials.
• Strengthen Your Profile:  Engage in activities that will strengthen your application, such as gaining research experience, publishing work, and participating in professional development opportunities.
• Seek Guidance:  Consider seeking advice from mentors, faculty members, or professionals in the field who can provide insights into the application process and how to strengthen your application.

Applying for a Ph.D. in Nursing is a significant step towards advancing your career in nursing science and leadership. By carefully preparing your application and aligning your goals with the strengths of the programs you choose, you can increase your chances of admission to a program that will help you achieve your professional aspirations.

Online Nursing Degree

Online Ph.D. in Nursing programs provide a flexible pathway for nurses to pursue the highest level of nursing education without the need to attend traditional on-campus classes. These programs are designed to accommodate the schedules of working professionals, offering a blend of synchronous (live) and asynchronous (pre-recorded lectures and materials) coursework, virtual interactions with faculty and peers, and digital access to library resources and research materials.

Overview of Online Ph.D. in Nursing Programs

Online Ph.D. programs in Nursing focus on preparing nurses for roles in research, academia, leadership, and policy. The curriculum typically includes advanced courses in research methods, statistics, nursing theory, healthcare policy, and ethics, alongside specialized courses that align with the student’s research interests and career goals. Students also undertake a dissertation project, which involves original research contributing to nursing science.

Key components of online Ph.D. in Nursing programs include:

• Virtual Classroom Sessions:  For lectures, discussions, and presentations.
• Digital Access to Research Resources:  Including online journals, databases, and libraries.
• Online Collaboration Tools:  For group projects and peer interaction.
• Virtual Advising and Mentoring:  For research guidance and academic support.
• Dissertation Defense:  Often conducted virtually or may require a campus visit.

Advantages and Considerations of Online Learning for a Ph.D.

Advantages:

• Flexibility:  Allows students to balance their studies with professional and personal commitments.
• Accessibility:  Enables students from anywhere in the world to access top-quality programs without the need for relocation.
• Technology Skills:  Enhances digital literacy and familiarity with online research tools and collaboration platforms.

Considerations:

• Self-Discipline and Motivation:  Success in an online program requires a high degree of self-discipline and the ability to work independently.
• Limited In-Person Interaction:  Although technology facilitates interaction, the lack of face-to-face contact may be a drawback for some students.
• Technology Requirements:  Students must have access to reliable internet and the necessary hardware and software to participate in online coursework.

Accredited Online Ph.D. Programs in Nursing

When considering an online Ph.D. in Nursing program, accreditation is crucial to ensure the program meets high standards of quality and rigor. Accredited programs are recognized for their excellence in education, faculty qualifications, and student support services, making them more respected by employers and other institutions.

Some accredited online Ph.D. in Nursing programs include:

• Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing:  Offers a Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (Ph.D.) that prepares nurse scientists to use evidence-based practice in teaching and research.
• University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing:  Provides a Ph.D. in Nursing program focused on research that improves nursing education, practice, and policy.
• Duke University School of Nursing:  Offers a Ph.D. program designed to develop nursing scholars capable of advancing health care through research.

It’s essential to verify the accreditation status of any program you consider by checking with recognized accrediting agencies such as the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) or the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) in the United States.

Choosing an online Ph.D. in Nursing program requires careful consideration of your career goals, learning style, and the specific features and accreditation of the programs you’re considering. With the right preparation and commitment, an online Ph.D. in Nursing can provide a flexible and rigorous path to advance your nursing career to the highest level.

Coursework and Research

A Ph.D. in Nursing is designed to prepare nurses for advanced roles in research, academia, leadership, and policy development. The program typically combines coursework, research, and a dissertation to provide a comprehensive understanding of nursing science and research methodologies. Below is an overview of the typical curriculum, research expectations, and dissertation requirements for a Ph.D. in Nursing.

Typical Curriculum and Coursework

The curriculum for a Ph.D. in Nursing focuses on developing advanced research skills, theoretical knowledge, and a deep understanding of issues affecting healthcare and nursing practice. While specific courses may vary by program, the following are commonly included:

• Advanced Research Methods:  Courses covering qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, data analysis techniques, and research design.
• Statistics:  Instruction in advanced statistical methods for analyzing research data.
• Nursing Theory:  Exploration of theoretical frameworks in nursing and their application to research and practice.
• Healthcare Policy:  Examination of policy-making processes, health care systems, and the impact of policy on patient care and nursing practice.
• Ethics in Research and Healthcare:  Discussion of ethical considerations in nursing research and clinical practice.
• Specialized Electives:  Courses tailored to students’ research interests, such as informatics, gerontology, public health, or education.

The Research Component: Expectations and Opportunities

Research is a cornerstone of the Ph.D. in Nursing, with students expected to contribute original knowledge to the field. Expectations and opportunities include:

• Research Mentorship:  Students work closely with faculty mentors who provide guidance on research projects, methodology, and dissertation development.
• Research Projects:  Participation in ongoing research projects, often as part of a team, to gain practical experience and contribute to scholarly work.
• Conferences and Publications:  Opportunities to present research findings at conferences and publish in academic journals, which are crucial for professional development and visibility in the field.

Dissertation Requirements and the Process of Completion

The dissertation is a significant component of the Ph.D. program, demonstrating the student’s ability to conduct independent research and contribute to nursing science. The process typically involves:

• Proposal Development:  Students develop a research proposal, including a literature review, research question, methodology, and proposed analysis. This proposal is presented to a faculty committee for approval.
• Conducting the Research:  After receiving approval, students conduct their research, collect data, and analyze results under the guidance of their advisor and committee.
• Writing the Dissertation:  The findings are written up in a dissertation, which includes an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.
• Defense:  The completed dissertation is presented and defended before a committee of faculty members. The defense includes a presentation of the research findings followed by questions from the committee.

Completion of the dissertation process requires meticulous planning, research, and writing skills. It can take several years, depending on the complexity of the research, the student’s pace of work, and other commitments. Successful defense of the dissertation is a significant achievement, marking the culmination of the Ph.D. journey and the student’s readiness to contribute to the nursing profession as a researcher and academic leader.

Duration and Commitment

A PhD in nursing demands nearly full-time effort, though some maintain nursing instructor roles or carefully-balanced side-jobs during non-intensive coursework terms. Planning ahead financially allows immersive focus for the 1-2 years spent progressing through the doctoral dissertation research phase, widely considered the most demanding but rewarding undertaking of PhD training.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Nursing

• Full-time enrollment: Around 4-6 years
• Part-time enrollment: 5-8 years on average
• 2 years coursework
• Candidacy exam
• 1-2 years for dissertation research
• Some accelerated 3-year PhD options through full-time accelerated study

Balancing Work and Study: Is This Feasible?

• Extremely challenging to balance full-time work and PhD studies
• Research and dissertation writing are rigorous full-time endeavors
• Most PhD nursing programs strongly recommend not working more than part-time during studies
• Can maintain part-time clinical work such as teaching to promote career development
• Finances need to be considered to enable focusing completely on PhD research requirements

Financial Aspects

Careful financial planning and taking advantage of available nursing PhD funding sources helps balance the high costs of advanced nursing education – costs that pay dividends over the course of an accomplished research and/or academic career.

PhD in Nursing Salary Expectations and Influencing Factors

• Average salary: $100,000+
• Years of experience
• Faculty rank
• Type of university
• Geographic location
• Significant earning potential over MSN or DNP alone

Scholarships and Funding Opportunities for PhD Students

• Research or teaching assistantships
• Private foundations, professional associations
• NRSA Grants from National Institutes of Health
• U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration
• Military nursing scholarships

Cost of PhD Programs and Return on Investment

• Tuition ranges from $20,000 – $50,000+ total
• Additional costs like books, travel, living expenses
• High ROI – earning potential far exceeds investment
• Many utilize student loans, grants, scholarships
• Graduates see salary bump of 25-50%

Career Opportunities and Outcomes

A PhD in nursing prepares graduates to significantly expand nursing’s impact – whether leading transformative research, training future generations of nurses, implementing improvements across healthcare organizations, or informing policy through expansive perspectives on urgent challenges for practice and patient populations.

Jobs Available for Those with a PhD in Nursing

• Nurse scientist roles
• Professorships at universities
• Program research directors
• Executive nursing administrators
• Consultant positions
• Grant writing specialists
• Editors of academic journals

How a PhD in Nursing Can Enhance Your Career

• Opens access to top academic and healthcare leadership roles
• Enables spearheading innovative nursing research at prestigious institutions
• Qualifies graduates to teach in bachelor’s and graduate nursing programs
• High demand for PhDs to fill new faculty job openings
• Greater career satisfaction and sense of purpose

Leadership Roles in Nursing and Contributions

• Develop evidence-based policies, programs, best practices
• Consulting governments, healthcare systems, private sector organizations
• Ensuring nurse education curriculum reflects latest advances
• Evaluating effectiveness of nursing care approaches
• Publishing pioneering studies and theories in nursing journals
• Elevating quality standards across academia and practice

What Are the Roles and Duties of a Ph.D. Nurse?

Nurses who earn a Ph.D. are prepared for a variety of roles within academia, research, leadership, and healthcare policy. Their duties can vary significantly depending on their specific job title and the setting in which they work. Here’s a look at the roles and typical duties of Ph.D. nurses in three key areas: research, education, and leadership/administration.

Nurse Researcher

Nurse researchers with a Ph.D. are vital in advancing nursing science, improving patient care, and influencing health policy. Their typical duties include:

• Conducting Original Research:  Designing and implementing studies to generate new knowledge relevant to nursing practice, patient outcomes, and healthcare systems.
• Securing Funding:  Writing grant proposals to obtain funding from governmental agencies, non-profit organizations, and private entities to support research projects.
• Data Analysis:  Employing statistical techniques to analyze research data and interpret findings.
• Publishing Findings:  Writing articles for publication in scholarly journals, presenting research at conferences, and disseminating results to the healthcare community and the public.
• Collaborating:  Working with other healthcare professionals, researchers, and stakeholders to conduct interdisciplinary research and implement findings in clinical practice.

Ph.D. Nurse Educator

Ph.D. nurse educators play a crucial role in shaping the future of nursing through teaching, curriculum development, and mentorship. Their duties include:

• Teaching:  Delivering lectures, seminars, and workshops to undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral nursing students.
• Curriculum Development:  Designing, evaluating, and updating nursing education programs and courses to reflect current research, best practices, and regulatory standards.
• Mentoring:  Guiding students through their academic journey, providing research opportunities, and advising on career paths.
• Scholarly Activities:  Engaging in research, publishing articles, and presenting at academic conferences to contribute to the nursing body of knowledge.
• Academic Leadership:  Participating in faculty governance, accreditation processes, and program evaluation to ensure the quality and integrity of nursing education.

Department Chair or Administration

Nurses with a Ph.D. who move into department chair or administrative roles take on additional responsibilities related to the management and strategic direction of nursing programs or healthcare organizations. Their duties may include:

• Strategic Planning:  Developing long-term goals and strategies for the nursing department or educational program.
• Budget Management:  Overseeing the budget, allocating resources efficiently, and securing funding for departmental needs.
• Faculty Management:  Hiring, evaluating, and mentoring faculty members, and fostering a supportive and productive work environment.
• Program Development:  Leading the development and accreditation of new programs or specializations to meet emerging healthcare needs.
• Policy Implementation:  Establishing policies and procedures to enhance the educational quality, research output, and clinical practices within the organization.
• Stakeholder Engagement:  Representing the nursing department in discussions with university administration, healthcare partners, and external stakeholders to advocate for nursing education and practice.

Ph.D. nurses, regardless of their specific role, contribute significantly to the nursing profession through leadership, innovation, and a commitment to advancing healthcare outcomes. Their work not only impacts the immediate settings in which they operate but also influences the broader scope of healthcare policy, nursing practice, and patient care globally.

FAQ on DNP and Ph.D. in Nursing

Q1: What are the main differences between a DNP and a Ph.D. in Nursing? A1: The main difference lies in the focus and outcome of each program. A DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice) is practice-oriented, focusing on applying research to clinical practice, improving healthcare systems, and enhancing patient outcomes. A Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) in Nursing is research-oriented, aiming to generate new knowledge in nursing and health through original research. Ph.D. programs often emphasize theoretical foundations of nursing, research methodologies, and teaching nursing, while DNP programs concentrate on clinical practice, leadership, and health care administration.

Q2: What is a Doctor of Nursing Science (DNSc) and how does it compare to a DNP or Ph.D.? A2: A Doctor of Nursing Science (DNSc) is another doctoral degree focused on the advanced study of nursing, often with a strong emphasis on research and the theoretical foundations of nursing, similar to a Ph.D. The DNSc might be more research-oriented than a DNP but more applied than a Ph.D., depending on the program. However, DNP programs have become more prevalent in preparing advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) and leaders in clinical settings.

Q3: How long does it typically take to complete a DNP or Ph.D. in Nursing? A3: The duration can vary based on the program and whether the student is enrolled full-time or part-time. DNP programs can typically be completed in three to five years of full-time study, while Ph.D. programs may take longer, often requiring five years of full-time study due to the research and dissertation component.

Q4: Are online nursing programs credible for pursuing a DNP or Ph.D. in Nursing? A4: Yes, many credible and accredited online nursing programs are available for both DNP and Ph.D. degrees. These programs offer flexibility for working professionals but require the same level of rigor and coursework as traditional on-campus programs. Accreditation by reputable organizations, such as the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE), is key to ensuring the program’s credibility.

Q5: What kind of nursing courses can I expect in a DNP degree program? A5: DNP degree programs generally include courses in advanced clinical practice, leadership and management, health policy, evidence-based practice, and quality improvement. The exact curriculum can vary from school to school, but all aim to prepare nurses for the highest level of clinical nursing practice.

Q6: What are the prerequisites for enrolling in a DNP or Ph.D. in Nursing program? A6: Prerequisites can vary, but typically, applicants to DNP programs must hold a master’s degree in nursing or a related field, have a valid RN license, and some programs may require a certain number of clinical practice hours. For Ph.D. programs, requirements often include a bachelor’s or master’s degree in nursing, academic transcripts demonstrating a strong academic record, research experience, and letters of recommendation. Some Ph.D. programs may also require GRE scores.

Q7: Can students choose specializations within DNP or Ph.D. in Nursing programs? A7: Yes, students can choose from various specializations depending on the program’s offerings. These can include areas like family nurse practitioner, nurse anesthesia, nursing informatics, psychiatric-mental health nursing, and health care administration for DNP programs. Ph.D. programs may offer specializations in areas such as nursing education, health policy, or specific research methodologies.

Q8: What are the career prospects for nurses with a DNP or Ph.D.? A8: Nurses with a DNP are prepared for clinical leadership roles, such as nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, nurse executives, and roles in health care administration. Nurses with a Ph.D. often pursue careers in academic teaching, research, and scholarly writing. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment for advanced practice registered nurses is projected to grow, indicating strong prospects for DNP graduates. Ph.D. graduates contribute to the nursing profession’s body of knowledge and help educate the next generation of nurses.

Q9: Is earning a DNP or Ph.D. necessary for advancement in the nursing profession? A9: While not necessary for all advancement opportunities, earning a DNP or Ph.D. can significantly enhance a nurse’s career prospects, allowing for roles in advanced clinical practice, academia, research, and leadership that are not accessible with lower levels of education. These degrees prepare nurses for the highest degree of professional practice and contribution to healthcare improvements and nursing knowledge.

• Sigma Theta Tau International: https://www.sigmanursing.org/
• National Student Nurses Association: https://www.nsna.org/
• National League for Nursing: http://www.nln.org/
• The American Board of Nursing Specialties: http://www.nursingcertification.org/
• Emergency Nurses Association: https://www.ena.org/
• American Association of Critical-Care Nurses: https://www.aacn.org/
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PhD and DNP Degrees

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Why Earn a PhD or DNP?

The two most common types of doctoral nursing degrees are the doctor of philosophy in nursing, or PhD in nursing, and the doctor of nursing practice (DNP). Nurses with a doctorate in nursing can teach and conduct research and have more opportunities for advancement. For nurses looking for a fulfilling career as a leader in the nursing profession, a PhD in Nursing or DNP degree are exciting options.

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